Basics of MV

Question 1

Pressure Control Ventilation

Answer 1

Decreased Vt with increased Raw or compliance

Question 2

Volume Control Ventilation

Answer 2

Increased PIP with increased Raw or decreased compliance

Question 3

VCV Settings

Answer 3

Vt, RR, sensitivity (pressure or flow), flow, rise time, FiO2, PEEP, PS

Question 4

PCV Settings

Answer 4

Inspiratory pressure, RR, sensitivity, inspiratory time, FiO2, PEEP, PS

Question 5

Continuous Mandatory Ventilation

Answer 5

All mandatory machine breaths

Question 6

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation

Answer 6

Mix of mandatory and spontaneous breaths

Question 7

Continuous Spontaneous Ventilation

Answer 7

All spontaneous breaths

Question 8

Spontaneous Breathing Trial

Answer 8

30-120 minutes with minimal support

Question 9

RSBI

Answer 9

<105

Question 10

Ventilation

Answer 10

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 11

Respiration

Answer 11

Movement of gas molecules across a membrane

Question 12

External Respiration

Answer 12

O2 from lungs into blood, CO2 from blood into lungs

Question 13

Internal Respiration

Answer 13

Cellular level, O2 from blood into cell, CO2 from cell into blood

Question 14

Intrapleural Pressure (Ppl)

Answer 14

Pressure in pleural space between parietal and visceral pleura

Question 15

Normal Ppl

Answer 15

-5cmH2O at end of exhalation, Ppl is -10cmH2O during inspiration

Question 16

Alveolar Pressure (Pa)

Answer 16

-1cmH2O during inspiration and +1cmH2O during exhalation

Question 17

Transairway Pressure (Pta)

Answer 17

Pressure gradient between airway opening and alveolus, produces air movement in conducting airways

Question 18

Normal Pta

Answer 18

-3 to -5cmH2O

Question 19

Transthoracic Pressure (Pw)

Answer 19

Pressure needed to expand or contract the lungs and chest wall at the same time

Question 20

Transpulmonary Pressure (Pl)

Answer 20

Maintains alveolar inflation, increased by mechanical ventilation

Question 21

Transrespiratory Pressure (Ptr)

Answer 21

Pressure required to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation

Question 22

Compliance

Answer 22

Relative ease with which a structure distends

Question 23

Elastance

Answer 23

Tendency of a structure to return to its original form

Question 24

Static Compliance

Answer 24

Vt/(plateau - PEEP)

Question 25

Dynamic Compliance

Answer 25

Vt/(PIP - PEEP)

Question 26

Normal Compliance

Answer 26

0.1L/cmH2O

Question 27

Decreased Lung Compliance

Answer 27

Need more pressure to get air into the lungs

Question 28

Increased Lung Compliance

Answer 28

Easier to get air into the lungs, less pressure needed

Question 29

Resistance

Answer 29

Impedance to the flow of air into and out of the lungs

Question 30

Raw

Answer 30

(PIP-Plateau)/flow

Question 31

Normal Raw

Answer 31

0.6-2.4cmH2O/(L/sec)

Question 32

Time Constants

Answer 32

Product of compliance and resistance, length of time required to fill or empty the lungs

Question 33

How many time constants does it take to completely empty the lungs?

Answer 33

5 time constants

Question 34

Baseline Pressure

Answer 34

Atmospheric, is considered 0 unless PEEP is present

Question 35

Peak Pressure (PIP)

Answer 35

Highest pressure recorded at the end of inspiration

Question 36

Plateau Pressure

Answer 36

Measured after inspiration and prior to exhalation, when no flow exists reflecting the pressure in the lungs and pt. circuit

Question 37

Volume Based PPV

Answer 37

Deliver set Vt, pressure varies

Question 38

Pressure Based PPV

Answer 38

Deliver set pressure, Vt varies

Question 39

1 Atmosphere

Answer 39

760mmHg = 1034cmH2O

Question 40

1mmHg

Answer 40

1.36cmH2O

Question 41

1 kPa

Answer 41

7.5mmHg

Question 42

1 Torr

Answer 42

1mmHg

Question 43

APRV

Answer 43

Inverse ration, pressure controlled, intermittent mandatory ventilation with unrestricted spontaneous breathing