Basics Of Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Away from the Midline of the body:

Answer 1

Lateral

Question 2

Towards the midline of the body

Answer 2

Medial

Question 3

Closer portion of a bone to centre mass

Answer 3

Proximal

Question 4

Distant portion of a bone from centre mass

Answer 4

Distal

Question 5

Towards the head

Answer 5

Superior (Cranial)

Question 6

Towards the feet

Answer 6

Inferior (Caudel)

Question 7

Towards the front of the body

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

Towards the rear of the body

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

Axis through the midline of the body

Answer 9

Craniocaudel Axis

Question 10

Axis through the hip, from left to right

Answer 10

Left-Right axis

Question 11

Plane separating upper and lower half of the body

Answer 11

Transverse plane

Question 12

Plane separating the left and right halves of the body

Answer 12

Sagittal Plane

Question 13

Plane separating the front and rear half of the body

Answer 13

Frontal Plane

Question 14

Bending the knee towards the posterior

Answer 14

Knee Flexion

Question 15

Bending the knee towards the anterior side

Answer 15

Knee extension

Question 16

Bringing the arm towards the head

Answer 16

Arm Flexion

Question 17

Bringing the arm back behind the body

Answer 17

Arm Extension

Question 18

Bending the head backwards

Answer 18

Head Extension

Question 19

Bending the head forwards

Answer 19

Head Flexion

Question 20

Bending backwards

Answer 20

Spine extension

Question 21

Bending forwards

Answer 21

Flexion

Question 22

Facing feet upwards

Answer 22

Dorsiflexion

Question 23

Bending the feet so the toes face the ground

Answer 23

Plantarflexion

Question 24

Lifting the arm laterally from the body

Answer 24

Abduction

Question 25

Bringing the arm medially to the body

Answer 25

Adduction

Question 26

Twisting the hand

Answer 26

Circumduction

Question 27

Twisting the knee joint outwards

Answer 27

Lateral (external) rotation

Question 28

Twisting the knee inwards

Answer 28

Medial (internal) rotation

Question 29

Type of bone on the outermost covering of most bones; dense, stacked lamellae

Answer 29

Cortical bone

Question 30

Spongy, cancellous bone at the end of long bones, interior of others; Porous and composed of tiny struts

Answer 30

Trabecular bone

Question 31

End of a long bone; consists of articulation cartilage

Answer 31

Epiphysis

Question 32

Between the end of the long bones and the portion with cartilage

Answer 32

Metaphysis

Question 33

Main portion of the long bone, consists of marrow, cortical bone, and the periosteum

Answer 33

Diaphysis

Question 34

Muscle cells consist of what?

Answer 34

Myofibrils

Question 35

Myofibrils are comprised of sections of what?

Answer 35

Sarcomeres

Question 36

What is the purpose of articulate cartilage?

Answer 36

Transmit load between bones

Question 37

In what direction do the collagen fibres in the middle section of cartilage face?

Answer 37

Random

Question 38

In what direction do the collagen fibres face on the superficial layer of the cartilage?

Answer 38

Parallel to surface

Question 39

In what direction to the collagen fibres face in the deep layers of the articulate cartilage?

Answer 39

Radial

Question 40

What do the middle layers of cartilage contain?

Answer 40

Collagen fibres and proteoglycans

Question 41

Where is the meniscus located in the body?

Answer 41

Between the femoral and tibial condyles

Question 42

What is the purpose of the meniscus?

Answer 42

Transmit load between articulating bones, improve congruence between the bones, and stabilize the joints

Question 43

What are the 3 structures in the meniscus?

Answer 43

Semi-lunar: wedge shaped Surface zone: random collagen arrangement Deep zone: collagen arranged radially and circumferentially

Question 44

What is the function of a tendon?

Answer 44

Connect muscle to bone, transmit muscle loads and direct motion

Question 45

What is the structure of a tendon?

Answer 45

Parallel bundles of collagen fibres

Question 46

What is the function of a ligament?

Answer 46

Connect bone to bone, stabilize the joint and direct motion

Question 47

What is the structure of a ligament?

Answer 47

Nearly parallel bundles of collagen fibres

Question 48

What are the 2 components of invertebral discs?

Answer 48

Annulus Fibrosus: outer portion of the disc Nucleus Pulposus: inner portion of the disc

Question 49

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 49

Fibrous: suture joints in skull (tightly bound connective tissue) Cartilaginous: between vertebral discs, between ribs and sternum (bound by layer of cartilage) Synovial: articulating bones lined with articulate cartilage and separated by thin layer of synovial fluid

Question 50

What are some examples of synovial joints?

Answer 50

Hip, elbow, knee, ankle, wrist

Question 51

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 51

Plane Saddle Hinge Pivot Ball-and-socket Ellipsoid