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ME498 Midterm > Basics Of Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Basics Of Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Away from the Midline of the body:

A

Lateral

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2
Q

Towards the midline of the body

A

Medial

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3
Q

Closer portion of a bone to centre mass

A

Proximal

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4
Q

Distant portion of a bone from centre mass

A

Distal

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5
Q

Towards the head

A

Superior (Cranial)

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6
Q

Towards the feet

A

Inferior (Caudel)

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7
Q

Towards the front of the body

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Towards the rear of the body

A

Posterior

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9
Q

Axis through the midline of the body

A

Craniocaudel Axis

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10
Q

Axis through the hip, from left to right

A

Left-Right axis

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11
Q

Plane separating upper and lower half of the body

A

Transverse plane

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12
Q

Plane separating the left and right halves of the body

A

Sagittal Plane

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13
Q

Plane separating the front and rear half of the body

A

Frontal Plane

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14
Q

Bending the knee towards the posterior

A

Knee Flexion

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15
Q

Bending the knee towards the anterior side

A

Knee extension

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16
Q

Bringing the arm towards the head

A

Arm Flexion

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17
Q

Bringing the arm back behind the body

A

Arm Extension

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18
Q

Bending the head backwards

A

Head Extension

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19
Q

Bending the head forwards

A

Head Flexion

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20
Q

Bending backwards

A

Spine extension

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21
Q

Bending forwards

A

Flexion

22
Q

Facing feet upwards

A

Dorsiflexion

23
Q

Bending the feet so the toes face the ground

A

Plantarflexion

24
Q

Lifting the arm laterally from the body

A

Abduction

25
Q

Bringing the arm medially to the body

A

Adduction

26
Q

Twisting the hand

A

Circumduction

27
Q

Twisting the knee joint outwards

A

Lateral (external) rotation

28
Q

Twisting the knee inwards

A

Medial (internal) rotation

29
Q

Type of bone on the outermost covering of most bones; dense, stacked lamellae

A

Cortical bone

30
Q

Spongy, cancellous bone at the end of long bones, interior of others; Porous and composed of tiny struts

A

Trabecular bone

31
Q

End of a long bone; consists of articulation cartilage

A

Epiphysis

32
Q

Between the end of the long bones and the portion with cartilage

A

Metaphysis

33
Q

Main portion of the long bone, consists of marrow, cortical bone, and the periosteum

A

Diaphysis

34
Q

Muscle cells consist of what?

A

Myofibrils

35
Q

Myofibrils are comprised of sections of what?

A

Sarcomeres

36
Q

What is the purpose of articulate cartilage?

A

Transmit load between bones

37
Q

In what direction do the collagen fibres in the middle section of cartilage face?

A

Random

38
Q

In what direction do the collagen fibres face on the superficial layer of the cartilage?

A

Parallel to surface

39
Q

In what direction to the collagen fibres face in the deep layers of the articulate cartilage?

A

Radial

40
Q

What do the middle layers of cartilage contain?

A

Collagen fibres and proteoglycans

41
Q

Where is the meniscus located in the body?

A

Between the femoral and tibial condyles

42
Q

What is the purpose of the meniscus?

A

Transmit load between articulating bones, improve congruence between the bones, and stabilize the joints

43
Q

What are the 3 structures in the meniscus?

A

Semi-lunar: wedge shaped
Surface zone: random collagen arrangement
Deep zone: collagen arranged radially and circumferentially

44
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Connect muscle to bone, transmit muscle loads and direct motion

45
Q

What is the structure of a tendon?

A

Parallel bundles of collagen fibres

46
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Connect bone to bone, stabilize the joint and direct motion

47
Q

What is the structure of a ligament?

A

Nearly parallel bundles of collagen fibres

48
Q

What are the 2 components of invertebral discs?

A

Annulus Fibrosus: outer portion of the disc
Nucleus Pulposus: inner portion of the disc

49
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Fibrous: suture joints in skull (tightly bound connective tissue)
Cartilaginous: between vertebral discs, between ribs and sternum (bound by layer of cartilage)
Synovial: articulating bones lined with articulate cartilage and separated by thin layer of synovial fluid

50
Q

What are some examples of synovial joints?

A

Hip, elbow, knee, ankle, wrist

51
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

Plane
Saddle
Hinge
Pivot
Ball-and-socket
Ellipsoid

ME498 Midterm (4 decks)

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