Basics of Industrial Operations Flashcards
to understand how hazards work, to include exposure, uses, and limitations in order to keep workers safe
Industrial Operations purpose
study of the harmful interactions between a toxic agent and biological systems (plants, animals, humans)
Toxicology
level of concentration of a toxic agent available for absorption by any or all routes over a given period of time
exposure
quantity of a toxic agent administered or the amount of the agent that reaches a body tissue to cause some effect
dose
an effect that is considered harmful to the biological system as a result of contact with a toxic agent
response
level of exposure at which an effect is first observed
threshold
the probability that an exposure to a toxic agent will occur
hazard
the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism
toxicity
what 3 factors must be present in order to have an illness or injury event
toxic agent
susceptible host
exposure to a toxic agent
anything (chemical, physical, biological agent) capable of producing damage to a biological system resulting in serious injury, illness, or death
toxic agent
how are toxic agents categorized
quantitative
qualitative
dose-response relationship and to compare relative toxicities of substances (numerical)
quantitative
enforceable concentration limits to protect workers against health effects of exposure to hazardous substances
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Occupational and Environmental Exposure Limit (OEEL)
one half of the Occupational and Environmental Exposure Limit (OEEL)
Action Level (AL)
ratings that are categorical labels ranging from non-toxic to super toxic
qualitative
who is the host
the industrial worker
what factors affect susceptibility of the host
general physical health
gender
weight
lifestyle
work practices
what are the three routes of entry into the human body
inhalation
absorption
ingestion
what is the most serious route of exposure
inhalation
which route is least likely to occur
ingestion
which is the most common route
absorption
organs that the toxins target and damage
target organs
describes a direct effect on a single target organ
local effects
describes exposure effects that involve multiple body systems or organs at the same time
systemic effects
short period of time
delivered in high concentrations
effects are immediate and obvious
acute exposure
period of exposure lasting from several weeks to several years
low concentration
difficult to diagnose
chronic exposure
where are the storage areas in the body
adipose tissue
bones
lymphatic system
examples of chemical hazards
heavy metals:
lead
zinc
cadmium
chromium
substance capable of dissolving another substance
solvent
most common physical hazard
noise
examples of physical hazards
noise
vibration
thermal stress
caused from excessive loss of salt
heat cramps
excessive loss of water
heat exhaustion
considered a MEDICAL EMERGENCY
heat stroke
rays of energy that move on long, slow wave patterns and do not penetrate cells
non-ionizing radiation
types of non-ionizing radiation
radio frequency radiaiton
lasers
infrared radiation
visible light
UV light
high in energy and can penetrate cells
ionizing radiation
barely penetrate skin surface and can be stopped by paper
Alpha
can pass through 1-2 cm of water or human flesh
can be stopped by aluminum
Beta
can cause burns and contaminate food and water
passes through 13 ft of water, 1.3 ft of lead, 6ft of concrete
gamma radiation
types of engineering controls
substitution
ventilation
process change
isolation
types of administrative methods
limit contact
worker rotation
good housekeeping
education/training
