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Basics Of Histology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four basic tissues in the body?

A

Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nerve

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue Function

A

1) Protects: covering and lining surfaces
2) Absorptive: intake of nutrients/fluid
3) Secretory: produce mucus, enzymes

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3
Q

Four types of epithelial tissue and their function

A

1) Squamous (protective)
2) Cuboidal (transport/absorptive)
3) Columnar (absorptive/secretory)
4) Transitional (transport/storage)

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4
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

Protects
Stratified multiple layers
strong intercellular connections
+/- keratin layer

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5
Q

Examples of non-keratinized squamous epithelium

A

cervix, oral cavity, esophagus, anus

skin is keratinized

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6
Q

four layers of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

str. cornuem
str. granulosum
str. spinosum
str. germinativum

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7
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Transport secretions/fluids

single layer lines secretory ducts

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8
Q

Where is cuboidal epithelium?

A

bile duct, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, pancreatic duct, renal collecting ducts, salivary ducts, sweat ducts

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9
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

absorptive/secretory
single layer = simple
line glands for secretions
line tubes for absorption

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10
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Columnar cell that produces mucous to protect/lubricate the epithelium

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11
Q

Where is simple columnar found?

A

stomach (absorb), small bowel (absorb), colon, salivary gland (saliva), pancreas (digestive enzymes), breast (milk), sweat glands
may have microvilli for absorption

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12
Q

Where is pseudostratified cilliated columnar?

A

All still contact basal lamina, might not reach luminal surface
Nasopharynx, down into bronchioles of lung

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13
Q

Glands

A

secrete mucus, saliva, sweat, enzymes, milk

release product into lumen

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14
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

secretions reach surface through tubular ducts

ex. saliva, trypsin, milk, prostatic fluid

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15
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

secretions picked up and transported to site of action by bloodstream
ex. hormones like insulin, cortisol, GH, T3/4

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16
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

storage/transport- stretching and expansion
multilayered umbrella cells can spread thinly
ex. renal pelvis, ureter, bladder

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17
Q

Layers of mucosa

A

epithelium–> lamina propria–> muscularis mucosae–> submucosa –> muscularis propria

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18
Q

What is dysplasia?

A 
pre-neoplastic stage of cancer
accumulate early mutations
start unregulated proliferation
NUCLEAR ENGLARGEMENT, HYPERCHROMASIA- high N:C, higher mitotic rate
But no invasion
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19
Q

basement membrane

A

thin layer of type III collage that lines the undersurface of the epithelium and separates it from underlying tissues

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20
Q

Purpose of connective tissue

A

providing and maintaining form

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21
Q

Four types of connective tissue

A

fibrous, adipose, cartilage, bone

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22
Q

Fibrous tissue

A

bunch of collagen, produced by fibroblasts

Function: support, tying things together, tendons, ligaments, dermis of skin

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23
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrone

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A

defect in collagen, too flexible skin, etc

24
Q

Adipose tissue

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A

super large- 15-25% body weight
Cells contain lipid
important for E storage
Endocrine/hormone effects

25
What are the two types of fat?
Unilocular (common, yellow) central droplet of yellow fat in cytoplasm (ADULTS) Multilocular (brown) numerous lipid droplets an abundant mitochondria
26
Abnormal adipocytes give rise to....
lipomas and liposarcomas
27
What is cartilage?
specialized form of connective tissue in which the firm consistency of the extracellular matrix allows the tissue to bear mechanical stress without permanent distortion
28
Function of cartilage
mechanical stress, support soft tissues
29
Chrondrocytes
synthesize/secrete extracellular matrix | located in cavities called lacunae
30
Extracellular matrix
composed of collagen fibers and ground substance | provides cushion and malleability
31
Ground Substance
supports and provides cushion | amorphous and gel-like
32
Hyaline cartilage
most common | articular surfaces of movable joints, walls of resp passages (nose, trachea, bronchi)
33
Elastic cartilage
ear, eustachian tubes, epiglottis, larynx
34
Fibrocartilage
intervertebral disks, attachment of ligaments to bone
35
Injury to cartilage can cause...
degenerative joint disease
36
Osteocytes
mature bone cells found in lacunae within the matrix
37
Osteoblasts
synthesize osteoid of the matrix | become osteocytes
38
osteoclasts
multinucleated giant cells involved in resorption and remodeling of bone tissue
39
Trabecular bone
hosts bone marrow
40
Bone cells can give rise to...
osteoid osteoma, osteosarcoma
41
Infection of bone leads to....
osteomyelitis
42
Poor mineralization leads to...
Osteoporosis
43
Skeletal muscle
voluntary body movement | long cylindrical multinucleated (peripheral) bundles with cross-striations
44
Whole muscle....then
muscle fibers (myocytes) --> myofibrils
45
Cardiac muscle
``` Involuntary contraction of heart, rhythmic Cross-striations branching and anastamosing fibers Central nuclei intercalated discs ```
46
Smooth muscle
involuntary movement of viscera NO cross striations NO myofibrils or discs autonomic nervous system or hormonal control
47
Where is smooth muscle?
GI tract and urinary system- move fluid | Blood vessels- control blood flow and P
48
Muscle cells can give rise to...
rhabdomyoma/rhabdomyosarcoma (striated muscle) | leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle)
49
Muscle inflammation leads to...
myositis
50
Glial cells
support and protect neurons, neural nutrition, defense process
51
Astrocytes
support/nutrition of neurons
52
Microglia
Macrophages that consume debris or microorganisms in CNS
53
Oligodendrocytes
produce myelin that surrounds the axons of neurons of the CNS
54
Schwann Cells
Produce myelin that surround axons of neurons in the PNS
55
White matter vs. gray matter
white is tracts, grey is cell bodies
56
Neural cells can give rise to....
Benign: neuroma, glioma, schwannoma Malignant: astrocytoma/oligodenroglioma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, multiforme Brain infection: cerebritis Dementia, MS

Pathology (1 decks)

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