Basics of Embedded Systems

Question 1

Processors Instructions Codes, divided into 5 groups

Answer 1

• > Arithmetic Operations
• > Logical Operations
• > Data transfer instructions
• > Bit operations with Boolean variables
• > Program branches

Question 2

Functions of the ALU

Answer 2

• > Handling of calculations
• > Access to Register, Memory, Constants
• > Forming Complement
• > Linking with register and memory contents.
• > Storing the results in the register

Question 3

CISC-Architecture / meaning / kind of processing / how instructions are executed

Answer 3

Complex Instruction Set Computer / Stack-oriented processing / Instructions are translated in micro-code and executed in several clock cycles.

Question 4

RISC-Architecture / meaning / kind of processing / how instructions are executed

Answer 4

Reduced Instruction Set Computer / Register-oriented processing / Every command will be executed in one processor cycle.

Question 5

CPU meaning and definition

Answer 5

• Central Processing Unit
• An electronic circuit consisting of registers, arithmetic logic unit, instruction decoded, control unit and data lines.

Question 6

Micro-controller definition

Answer 6

CPU with additional peripheral components such as RAM, ROM, IO interfaces…

Question 7

Harvard architecture

Answer 7

Separate buses for data and storage

Question 8

Princeton or Von Neumann architecture

Answer 8

Universal Bus for data and storage

Question 9

Architecture of Embedded Controller

Answer 9

• IO-Interfaces
• ADC
• DAC
• RAM
• ROM
• Multiplexer
• Serial Interfaces
• Timer’s
• PWM
• CPU

Question 10

In addition to the CPU, a micro-controller includes:

Answer 10

• > Main Memory (RAM, static, dynamic)
• > Program memory ( Flash-ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, OTPROM, Mask-ROM)
• > Analog Value processing (ADC, DAC)
• > Process control
• > Communication (SPI, Ethernet, RS232)
• > Process Support (Interrupts, Counter, Watch-Dog)
• > User Interface (Graphic, Keyboard, Display)
• > Programming interface (JTAG, SPI)