Basics Of Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Skin
Wt-
Area covered -
Total body wt-

A

Wt- 3-4 kg
Area covered - 1.7m^2
Total body wt- 16% of total body wt

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2
Q

Layers of epidermis
Histology of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Stratum corneum
- rich in
- nucleus
Pathology (2 types)

A

Rich in keratin protein
Nucleus is absent
Pathology -
1) hyperleratosis- thickening of statum corneum
Eg psoriasis
Lichan planus

2) pankeratosis- presence or retention of nucleus in stratum corneum
Eg psoriasis

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4
Q

Lamellar layer also called

Function

Statum granulosum pathology

A

Cementosome/ odlandbodies

Produce lipid
Fnx - Barrier fnx of skin

Pathology
1) hypogranulosis- eg psoriasis
- icthyosis vulgaris
2) hypergranulosis- wedge shape
Eg - lichan planus

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5
Q

Absense Flaggrin protein caused which disease

A

Atopic dermatitis
Icthyosis vulgaris

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6
Q

Stratum spinosum

  • rich in
    -also know as
    -causes which disease

Pathology

A

Rich in desmosomes
Also Know as prickle cell layer
Pemphigus group of ds
Thickest layer of epidermis

Pathology
1) intracellular- ballooning degeneration
Eg hsv

2) intracellular - spongiosis
Eg - acute eczema

Layers
1) acanthosis
Thickening of stratum spinosum
Eg- psoriasis
Lichan planus

2) acantholysis
Loss of spines

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7
Q

Stratum basal also k/a

Stratum basal+ statum spinosum=
Projection of epidermis into dermis =
Projection of dermis into epidermis=

A

Stratum germinatum
Malpighian layer
Rete ridges
Dermal papilla

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8
Q

Transition from stratum basal to statum corneum

Shape-
Nucleus -
Keratin-
Water-
Epidermal transit time -

A

Shape-flattening of cell
Nucleus -absent in stratum corneum
Keratin-increases
Water-decreases ( dehydration)
Epidermal transit time - 28 days ( 4 weeks)

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9
Q

Cells of epidermis - classification

A

A) keratinocytes
- 95% cell present
- hallmark - keratin intermediate filament
- derived from- ectoderm

B) non- keratinocytes

  • langerhan cell
  • melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
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10
Q

Non keratinocytes
A) langerhan cells
B) malpighians cell
C) Merkel cell

  • location
  • derived from
    -content
  • function
  • marker
    -used clinically in diagnosis of
A

Langerhan cell

It is a dendritic cell
- location - statum spinosum
- derived from bone marrow
-content - birbeck granules (tennis racquet apperance)
- function- antigen presenting cells
- marker- s100, cd1a, cd207 (langrin)
-used clinically in diagnosis of langerhan cell histocytosis

Malpighian cell
It is a dendritic cell
- location- statum basale
- derived from neural crest
-content- melanosomes
- function - production of melanin
- marker- s100, melan A, hmb- 45
-used clinically in diagnosis of melanoma

Merkel cell

  • location- statum basale
  • derived from ectoderm
    -content- neurosecratory granules
  • function- mechanoceptors( slow adapting, low threshold)
  • marker- cytokeratin 20
    -used clinically in diagnosis of Merkel cell granuloma
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11
Q

Demoepidermal jnx-

Structure of basement membrane zone-

A

Demoepidermal jnx- also called basement membrane zone (bmz)

Specialized zone at interphase of dermis and epidermis

Str of basement membrane
- hemidesmosome + keratin intermediate filament
- lamina lucida
- lamina densa
- sublamina densa

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12
Q

Dermis
Types-
Content -

A

1) papillary dermis( superficial)
- losse connective tissue
- forms 1/10th of the dermis

2) Reticular dermis
- dense connective tissue
- forms 9/10th of the dermis

Content -
•Connective tissue
• cells- macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes
•ground substance - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
•appandages- hairs, glands( swaet, sebaceous), blood vessels, nerves

Components of connective tissue
- collagen( 70%): tensile strength to skin
- elastic fibres
a) elastin- elasticity
b)elastin associated microfibril ( fibrillins, fibulin) : Recoil

Collagen:
• most common type of collagens( skin) - type 1
•2nd mc type of collagen ( skin) - type 3
•distribution of collagen in cartilage - type 2

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13
Q

Hypodermis
Also k/a
Function -
Inflammation of subcutaneous fat-

A

K/a - pannculus or subcutaneous fat
Function - insulation
- panniculitis

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14
Q

Acantholysis
Def-
K/a
Characterized by-
Targeted by -

A
  • Loss of attachment blw keratinocytes
  • k/a acantholytic cell/ tzanck cell( bcoz tzanck smear used in diagnosis)
    • circular cell
    • prominent nucleus
    • perinuclear halo
  • characterized by defective desmosomes
  • targeted by
    1- autoimmune processes- pemphigus group
    2- infection
    • bacterial - bullous impetigo, ssss
    • viral- hsv
    3- genetic deformity -
    Haliey haliey disease
    Darier disease
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15
Q

Dyskeratosis
Microabcess
Types

A

Dyskeratosis - premature abnormal or faulty keratinisation of individual cell
Eg darier disease
Bowen disease
Squamous cell carcinoma

Microabcess- small microscopic collection of cell
A- neutrophillic microabcess
1) Munro micro abscess
Layer- s. Corneum
Eg psoriasis

2) spongiform pustule of kogoj
Layer-s. spinosum
Eg- psoriasis

3) papillary tip microabcess
Dermatitis hepatiformis
Subepidermal bullae

B- eosinophillic microabcess
- pemphigus vegetans

C- atypical lymphocytes
•Pautrier microabcess
• atypical T lymphocytes seen in mycosis fungoides
• mycosis fungoides is known as cutaneous t cell lymphoma

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16
Q

Rete ridges
Two types

A

1) elongate
Eg psoriasis

2) saw toothed
Eg lican planus