Basics of Contraception

Question 1

What are the key methods of contraception?

Answer 1

The key contraceptive methods available are:

• Natural family planning (“rhythm method”)
• Barrier methods (i.e. condoms)
• Combined contraceptive pills
• Progestogen-only pills
• Coils (i.e. copper coil or Mirena)
• Progestogen injection
• Progestogen implant
• Surgery (i.e. sterilisation or vasectomy)

Emergency contraception is also available after unprotected intercourse. However, emergency contraception should not be relied upon as a regular method of contraception.

Question 2

Briefly describe the UK Medical Eligibility (UKMEC) guidelines categorising the risks

Answer 2

The Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH) has UK Medical Eligibility (UKMEC) guidelines published in 2016 (updated in 2019) to categorise the risks of starting different methods of contraception in different individuals.

There are four levels, from least risk of most risk:

• UKMEC 1: no restriction in use (minimal risk)
• UKMEC 2: benefits generally outweigh the risks
• UKMEC 3: risks generally outweigh the benefits
• UKMEC 4: unacceptable risk (typically this means the method is contraindicated)