Basics of Chromosomes and Cell Cycle Introduction + Parts (Interphase focus) and Checkpoints

Question 1

DNA is in the

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

what is the DNA before its a chromosome

Answer 2

Chromatin fibers are coiled and condensed it unorganized

Question 3

when DNA is organized and copied its called

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

centromere

Answer 4

is the dip in a chromosomes its a protein that joins the chromatids

Question 5

how many chromosomes are in the body and how many pairs are there

Answer 5

23 pairs and 46 in the body

Question 6

chromosome arm

Answer 6

Each chromosome is divided into two sections by the centromere and each section is the arm

Question 7

chromosome duplication also includes

Answer 7

DNA synthesis

Question 8

sister chromatids

Answer 8

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division. The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere.

Question 9

2 sister chromatids make up a

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

why do cells divide

Answer 10

1.reproduction for asexual organisms
2.growth and development
3.tissue renewal

Question 11

one type of reproduction for asexual organisms

Answer 11

binary fission

Question 12

how does cell division affect the growth of an organism

Answer 12

organism grow by adding cells

Question 13

tissue renewal ex

Answer 13

repair damaged tissues and replacing layers of skin cells

Question 14

the cell cycle is regulated

Answer 14

by cell communication

Question 15

interphase is

Answer 15

between division

Question 16

how long does interphase take

Answer 16

90% of the cells time

Question 17

G1 (gap)

Answer 17

growth
-cytoplasm grows
-more organelles are added

Question 18

S is

Answer 18

DNA synthesis this is where DNA is copied and is when 1 chromosome is duplicated by 2

Question 19

G2

Answer 19

is more growth and its preparing the cell for mitosis

Question 20

the m phase has what 2 steps overlapping eachother

Answer 20

cytokinesis and mitosis

Question 21

why does the mitotic phase overlap

Answer 21

because when mitosis is ending cytokinesis starts

Question 22

how long is the m phase

Answer 22

10% of the cells time

Question 23

if the cells did not check of everything what happens

Answer 23

apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 24

checkpoints in the cell cycle is when

Answer 24

checks of if the last phase did everything at the right time

Question 25

checklist of G1

Answer 25

-did it grow enough
-does it have enough organelles

Question 26

checklist of G2

Answer 26

-did DNA copy properly
-is the cell and grown enough
-is the DNA damaged

Question 27

checklist of M

Answer 27

did all the DNA get divided in half properly

Question 28

the m checkpoint is before

Answer 28

cytokinesis

Question 29

all the checkpoints in order

Answer 29

-g1 checkpt
-g2 checkpt
-m checkpt

Question 30

what controls the checkpts

Answer 30

genes

Question 31

when the checkpt “gate opens/falls”

Answer 31

the cell receives a go-ahead signal

Question 32

when the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal it can go through either the apoptosis or

Answer 32

it can be suspended in the g0 area

Question 33

what does it mean when the cell is suspended

Answer 33

it’s in good shape but it won’t divide the cell gets specialized for ex bone cells or muscle cells

Question 34

can some cells enter g0 and go back into the cell cycle

Answer 34

yes