Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be ______.
Acidic
The _________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.
Atom
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
Hydrogen
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _______
Suspensions
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are _________.
Physical properties
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are derived from ______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products.
Plants
Which of these is NOT composed of organic chemicals?
Minerals
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is ______.
An element
Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they _______
Produce less odor
Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is _______
Combustion
Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportion forms __________
a molecule
A physical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n) ____
pure substance
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _______
exothermic
A(n) ____ is a substance dissolved into a solution
solute
An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ______
Oxygen
Water-in-oil emulsions feel _____ than oil-in-water emulsions.
Greasier
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an _______.
Ion
Elemental molecules contain two or more _______ of the same element in definite proportions.
atoms
The term “logarithm” means multiples of _______.
10
Volatile organic compounds contain _________ and evaporate very easily.
Carbon
A(n) ____________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.
Solution
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is _________.
an emulsion
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is __________.
oxidation
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered ________.
immiscible
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a _________.
pure substance
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are __________.
exothermic
Vapor is __________ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.
a liquid
A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________.
a surfactant
Any substance that occupies space and has mass is ________
matter
The glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of __________.
a suspension
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or
lipophilic
The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is _______.
ammonia
A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in______
fixed
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are _____
chemical properties
A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is ________
redox
