Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the branch of Science that studies matter, what it is, and how it changes.
How do organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds?
Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen bonds. Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
Five basic areas of chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
The study of carbon-containing compounds
Inorganic Chemistry
study of everything except carbon-based compounds
Biochemistry
chemistry of living things
Physical Chemistry
study of chemical systems in terms of the principles of physics that are used to measure physical properties of substances.
Nuclear Chemistry
study of radioactivity and the decay of atoms
What are the two methods for investigation science?
Pure Science (through knowledge and facts)
Applied science ( using knowledge in a practical way)
Name the basic steps of scientific inquiry
Ask a question
Background Research
Make a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
Analyze results
Draw a conclusion
Share results
If the hypothesis is proven false, another step is to create a new hypothesis.
What are models and why are they used in science?
Models are representations of the experiment or object that allows the scientist to easily observe and gather data
Scientific theory
A theory is a scientists explanation of the facts, either measured or observed.
Scientific Law
A law is a rule based on observation of a process in nature that behaves the same way, every single time
Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Scientific Inquiry
Process of using evidence from observation and experiments to create an explanation
Scientific Method
a step-by-step method to answer a question and systematic way to check their work and the work of others.
Pure Science
The search of knowledge or facts. It uses theories and predictions to understand nature.
ex: Geology
Applied science
Using knowledge in a practical way.
Related to engineering and technology
ex: developing a rocket
Types of Models
Physical Model
Computer Model
Mathematical Model
Physical model
something that can be built
ex: molecule made out of marshmallows, gumdrops, and sticks
Computer Model
A three-dimensional simulation of a moving object or a chemical reaction
Mathematical Model
Calculations involving a particular mathematical equation
ex an equation of a line
Theory
a proposed explanation that is based on an examination of facts
Describes WHY something happens
Facts
can be observed and measured
Law of Conservation of Mass
During a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed, just rearranged.
Law
A rule based on observation of a process in nature that behaves the same way, each and every time
Describes WHAT happened
Lab Report Parts
Title
Introduction/Purpose
Hypothesis-Prediction
Materials and Equipment
Procedure
Data/Results
Conclusion/Evaluation
Title
Tells the reader about the experiment or investigation
Introduction/Purpose
Brief description of the question that is being asked or why the investigation is being done
Hypothesis-Prediction
State specifically what you think will happen in the investigation and why
Scientific Experiment Steps
observe
Construct (hypothesis)
Plan
Predict
Conduct
Record
Repeat
Procedure
A step-by-step list of how to carry out the experiment
Control
A trail during which all of the variables are unchanged.
Used as the standard comparison of an experiment
Constants
All of the variables in an experiment that remain the same
Independent variable
the variable that is changed in an experiment
Dependent variable
the variable that is influenced by the independent variable, the results of the experiment
Variable
a factor that can alter the experiments results
Accurate
How close the measured value is to a standard or known value
Precise
How close two or more measure values are to one another
What are the two ways that data can be measured?
Either quantitative or qualitative
What graphs can be used to present data?
Line
Bar
Circle
What is the difference between being accurate and being precise?
Accuracy is determined using the closeness of the value measured to the standard or known value.
Precision is determined through the closeness of tow or more measured vales to each other.
Why is it important to correctly analyze the date from an experiment?
So that it can the results can be compared to multiple experiments if needed
You have collected date that shows a large changes during a period of time. What type of graph would you use for this?
A bar graph
When would you use a line graph?
If the data shows small changes over time
