Basics- Key Terms Flashcards
What is Context?
Information that gives detail and aids understanding.
What is Mode?
It identifies whether something is written, spoken, or both.
What is Genre?
What form it is, such as a letter, an article etc.
What is the Audience?
Who recieves the text, who it s aimed at.
What is the purpose?
Why something is made.
Where should MRGCAP be used?
It should be used as the introduction in essays for texts.
What are meanings?
Meanings are messages that are communicated. They are never fixed and are negotiated between a text producer and reciever.
What is a representation?
The description or portrayal of someone or somethinig in a particular way.
What is Phonology?
The conceptual study of sounds (meanings)
What is Phonetics?
The actual sound and how they are made.
How many phonological sounds are there in the English Language?
44
What are phonemes?
Basic units of sound, which are constructed and make a word.
What is Prosodics?
Features of sound, but not individual sound, eg speed pitch etc.
What is Paralanguage?
Refers to things like voice quality and vocal effects eg laughing, eye contact. Physical features of sound.
What is Alliteration?
Where two or more consecutive words start with the same letter.
What is Assonance?
The repetition of vowels in words.
What is Consonance?
The repetition of consonants.
What letters are Plosives?
b,p,t,d,k,g
What makes plosives sound the way they are and what can you infer from the use of them?
No air flow, it is blocked. They are harsh, strong sounds.
What letters are fricatives?
f,v,s,c,sh
What makes fricatives sound the way they do and what can you infer from the use of them?
They allow air flow, are much softer sounds.
What letters are affricatives?
ch,jd (judge)
What makes affricatives sound the way they do and what can you infer from the use of them?
They sound sharp edged, usually attention grabbing and emphasised.
What letters are Nasals?
m,n,ng
What makes Nasals sound the way they do?
They are created around the nasal cavity.
What letters are Approximants?
r,j,w
What does it mean to be foregrounded?
It is the consonant group that is most used in something. Always consider what effect it has.
What is Lexis?
An elevated term used for vocabulary?
What are Proper Nouns?
Capitalized words for names, places etc, eg New York.
What are Collective Nouns?
Nouns to describe a group, eg team.
What are Common Nouns?
Nouns for general words, are not capitalized, eg cookie.
What are Concrete Nouns?
Nouns for things you interact with, eg dishwasher.
What are Abstract Nouns?
Nouns for things you cannot interact with or see, eg joy or happiness.
What are Adjectives?
Words describing something else.
What are Comparative Adjectives?
An elevated version of the base form of an adjective eg hotter.
What are Qualitative Adjectives?
Adjectives in their base form eg hot
What are Superlative Adjectives?
Adjectives in their best form, eg hottest.
What are Main Verbs?
The meaning related to actions, events and states.
What are Modal Verbs?
Verbs for possibility and certainty such as could, would, should, will
What are Auxiliary Verbs?
Used in conjucntion with a Main Verb, changes the tense, eg to be, to do, to have.
What is an Adverb?
When something is done or happens eg yesterday.
What is an Adverb of Preposition?
Tells us where something is done.
What is an Adverb of Frequency?
How often something is done, eg seldom,always,rarely.
What is an Adverb of Degree?
Intensity of something eg too, enough,intensely, extremely.
What are pronouns?
They take place of a noun
What is a possessive pronoun?
mine,yours, his,hers,theirs,ours
What is a reflective pronoun?
myself,yourself,himself, herself
What is a reciprocal pronoun?
each other, one another
What is a demonstrative pronoun?
time and space: near, these, this, that, those
What is an interrogative?
What, which, who, whom, whose?
What is an indefinite pronoun?
Anybody,anyone,any, either, nobody, someone
What is the register?
How high level something is in terms of vocabulary, what kind of reading age would it suit?
What is the frequency?
Words of high frequency, words you see commonly, words fo low frequency are words you see less frequently.
What is formality?
How formal something is.
What does it mean if something is monosyllabic?
When a word has one syllable.
What does it mean if something is bisyllabic?
When a word has two syllables/
What does it mean if a word is polysyllabic?
When a word has 3 or more syllables?
What is the difference between a lexical and a semantic field?
A lexical field is words that tend to be more clsoely linked where as a semantic field is usually of words that can be more closely interpreted.
What are connotations?
What you infer from the use of a word in context.
What is a dentoation?
A dictionary definition of a word?
What is jargon?
Lexis that is specific to an occupation, you need to have knowledge on the subject to be able to understand.
What does it mean if its colloquial?
Informal, in everyday communication
What is slang?
a type of language consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.
What is dialect lexis?
Lexis assosciated with a geographical area.
What is taboo lexis?
Language like swearing. Informal and usually unprofessional.
What does it mean if language is regarded as “archaic”?
Language that is not used anymore,extinct.
What are conjunctions?
for,and,but,so etc, connect clauses.
What are subordiate conjunctions?
because although,while
What are neologisms?
Words that are new and created, in the last 20 years?
What are contractions?
When words are shortened and an apostrophe used, such as don’t or can’t.
What is a collocation?
Words you expect to see together, eg old and man
What is a Euphemism?
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
What is a metaphor?
A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another.
What is grammar?
It is an umbrella term for punctuation, sentence structures etc.
What is syntax?
A set of rules governing how we construct sentences
What is a word class?
The way we class words into different categories; eg adjectives, verbs
What is morphology?
The breakdown of words, their internal structure.
What is a compound sentence?
A sentence with more than one clause, but both are equally important.
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence where one clause is subordinate to the other, the main clause.
What is a simple sentence?
A sentence with just one clause.
What is a multiple sentence?
A sentence with more than one clause.
What is phrasal expansion?
Expansion of a phrase with a pre modifier, adverbial etc.
What is in a compound sentence?
Two clauses are joined with a coordinating connective.
What is a morhpheme?
They are the smallest grammatical building blocks of language.
