Basics (Development, Obs, Vaccines)

Question 1

What are the vaccines given to children in the first year of life?

Answer 1

[At birth]:

• Vitamin K
• BCG if indicated
• (HepB if mother infected)

8 weeks:

• ‘6 in 1’ (HiB, HepB, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus and polio)
• MenB
• Rotavirus

12 weeks:

• ‘6 in 1’
• PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine)
• Rotavirus

16 weeks:

• ‘6 in 1’
• MenB

Question 2

What are the vaccines given at 1y?

Answer 2

1y:

• HiB+MenC
• MMR
• PCV booster
• MenB booster

Question 3

What vaccines are given from 3y+4months and onwards?

Answer 3

3y+4mo:

• ‘4 in 1’ (diphtheria, tetanus, polio and pertussis)
• MMR

Then influenza if eligible in childhood (2-8y)

12-13y (BOTH boys + girls):
- HPV (2 doses 6-24mo apart)

13-18y:

• ‘3 in 1’ booster (diphtheria, tetanus and polio)
• MenACWY

Question 4

What are the normal observations (HR, RR + SBP) for the following ages:

• Infants (<1)
• Toddlers (1-2)
• Small child (2-5)
• Older child (5-12)
• Adolescent (>12 - note adolescents usually by 10y)

Answer 4

Infants
HR: 110-160
RR: 30-40
SBP: 70-90

Toddlers
HR: 100-150
RR: 25-35
SBP: 80-95

Small child
HR: 95-140
RR: 25-30
SBP: 80-100

Older child
HR: 80-120
RR: 20-25
SBP: 90-110

Adolescent
HR: 60-100
RR: 15-20
SBP: 100-120

Question 5

What are the different health checks a child receives from birth to 14y?

Answer 5

<72h - NIPE (+hearing)

7 days - Guthrie heel prick (PKU, CF, metabolic disorders etc)

2w - New baby review (info on safe sleeping, vaccination, feeding, development etc)

4w - Hearing review (AOAE - automated otoacoustic emission)

6w - NIPE at GP

8w, 12w and 16w - Vaccines

1y - Vaccines + Health review with nurse (ensure milestones reached i.e. must be standing independently, no hand dominance and pincer grip, 2-3 worths other than mama/dada with intent and drinks from cup with 2 hands, positive fear of strangers)

2y - Health review with nurse

3y4mo - Vaccines

4y - Vision check

School entry - height, weight, hearing check

10y - height and weight check

12-14y, 14y - Vaccines

Question 6

What are 4 red flags regarding development in a

child?

Answer 6

Not smiling by 8w - normally at 6w

Not sitting by 8-10m - usually rounded back sitting at 6m and straight back at 9m

Not walking by 18m - usually ~1y

Hand preference before 1yo