basics Flashcards
what is the rough ER?
- helps make proteins
- ribosomes it inside of it and they help make proteins for the body
what is the smooth ER?
-helps with storing liquids in the cell
what are ribosomes?
- inside the rough ER
- make proteins in the rough er which the body uses
what is photosynthesis?
- when light from the sun, carbon dioxide and water come together and a chemical reaction happens
- oxygen and sugar are the outcomes of this chemical reaction
- the oxygen gets released into the air
- the sugar goes into the leave for an animal to eat
what is cellular respiration?
- when oxygen and sugar in a cell are changed to carbon dioxide and water
- as part of this energy is released
- the energy that is released from CR is used by organisms to carry out life functions
what are vesicles?
- small sacs
- transport materials
- helps thing enter and leave the cell
what is the nucleus?
- stores all genetic information and material
- the “communicator” -> tell all cells what to do
what are chloroplasts
- only in plants
- in charge od photosynthesis and cellular respiration
- contains green like substances
what is the mitochondria?
- powerhouse of the cell
- releases energy for everything to work
- bean-like shaped
what are the vacuoles?
- balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm
- stores waste, food and other substances that the cell can not use right away
what is the cell wall?
- rough and rigid
- protects the cell from
- just outside of the cell membrane
- box like shaped in plants
- round shaped in humans
1st line of defence:
- skin
- mucus
- tears
- nose hair
- natural body acids
3rd line of defence
- “memory cells”
- specialized white blood cells
2nd line of defence
- white blood cells
- “killer cells”
respond to stimuli def
- internal or external reaction
- eg. when someone is hungry and their stomach makes a noise, plants roots grow and face towards the water in the ground when they are thirsty
benefits of vaccines
- helps protect humans from deadly diseases
- helps stop a spread or outbreak
what is an antibiotic
- substance that fights bacterial infections
- fights it by interfering with growth or just kill it
- not effective against viruses or any other microbes
bad things about antibiotics
- overuse can cause other infections/diseases
- these diseases are harder to stop
what does a plant have in its cells?
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- vesicles
- vacuoles
- cytoplasm
- chloroplasts
what is a vaccine?
- substance that causes a response
- protects against deadly diseases
- can be injected or taken orally
- works with viral and bacterial
take in nutrients def
- substance that can not be made
- for energy, growing and repair
- eg. water, vitamins and oxygen
use energy def
- energy powers to keep things going
- eg. get energy from food or photosynthesis
what do specialized white blood cells do
- recognize when the same pathogen has entered the body
- memory cells
what do white blood cells do
-attack pathogens
-surround and kill pathogens
release chemicals to make it easier to kill
