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science test #2 > basics > Flashcards

basics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the rough ER?

A
  • helps make proteins

- ribosomes it inside of it and they help make proteins for the body

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2
Q

what is the smooth ER?

A

-helps with storing liquids in the cell

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3
Q

what are ribosomes?

A
  • inside the rough ER

- make proteins in the rough er which the body uses

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4
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A
  • when light from the sun, carbon dioxide and water come together and a chemical reaction happens
  • oxygen and sugar are the outcomes of this chemical reaction
  • the oxygen gets released into the air
  • the sugar goes into the leave for an animal to eat
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5
Q

what is cellular respiration?

A
  • when oxygen and sugar in a cell are changed to carbon dioxide and water
  • as part of this energy is released
  • the energy that is released from CR is used by organisms to carry out life functions
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6
Q

what are vesicles?

A
  • small sacs
  • transport materials
  • helps thing enter and leave the cell
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7
Q

what is the nucleus?

A
  • stores all genetic information and material

- the “communicator” -> tell all cells what to do

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8
Q

what are chloroplasts

A
  • only in plants
  • in charge od photosynthesis and cellular respiration
  • contains green like substances
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9
Q

what is the mitochondria?

A
  • powerhouse of the cell
  • releases energy for everything to work
  • bean-like shaped
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10
Q

what are the vacuoles?

A
  • balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm

- stores waste, food and other substances that the cell can not use right away

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11
Q

what is the cell wall?

A
  • rough and rigid
  • protects the cell from
  • just outside of the cell membrane
  • box like shaped in plants
  • round shaped in humans
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12
Q

1st line of defence:

A
  • skin
  • mucus
  • tears
  • nose hair
  • natural body acids
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13
Q

3rd line of defence

A
  • “memory cells”

- specialized white blood cells

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14
Q

2nd line of defence

A
  • white blood cells

- “killer cells”

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15
Q

respond to stimuli def

A
  • internal or external reaction
  • eg. when someone is hungry and their stomach makes a noise, plants roots grow and face towards the water in the ground when they are thirsty
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16
Q

benefits of vaccines

A
  • helps protect humans from deadly diseases

- helps stop a spread or outbreak

17
Q

what is an antibiotic

A
  • substance that fights bacterial infections
  • fights it by interfering with growth or just kill it
  • not effective against viruses or any other microbes
18
Q

bad things about antibiotics

A
  • overuse can cause other infections/diseases

- these diseases are harder to stop

19
Q

what does a plant have in its cells?

A
  • cell membrane
  • cell wall
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • vesicles
  • vacuoles
  • cytoplasm
  • chloroplasts
20
Q

what is a vaccine?

A
  • substance that causes a response
  • protects against deadly diseases
  • can be injected or taken orally
  • works with viral and bacterial
21
Q

take in nutrients def

A
  • substance that can not be made
  • for energy, growing and repair
  • eg. water, vitamins and oxygen
22
Q

use energy def

A
  • energy powers to keep things going

- eg. get energy from food or photosynthesis

23
Q

what do specialized white blood cells do

A
  • recognize when the same pathogen has entered the body

- memory cells

24
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

-attack pathogens
-surround and kill pathogens
release chemicals to make it easier to kill

25
Q

what is inflammation

A
  • part of the body gets red or swollen

- white blood cells attack the area to help and clean it

26
Q

how does a vaccine work

A
  • contains a small amount of alive or dead pathogens

- causes an immune system to remember the pathogens so it’s ready for next time

27
Q

6 characteristics of a living thing

A
  • grow
  • use energy
  • reproduce
  • take in nutrients
  • produce waste that must be removed
  • react to stimuli
28
Q

produce waste that must be removed def

A
  • if not removed it can be very harmful

- eg. kidneys filter waste, pee and exhale carbon dioxide

science test #2 (1 decks)

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