Basics

Question 1

What are the 5 categories of shock

Answer 1

Hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic

Question 2

What is shock

Answer 2

Circulatory failure resulting in inadequate perfusion of the brain and vital organs

Question 3

What is hypovolaemic shock

Answer 3

Shock due to severe blood volume loss

Question 4

What are some causes of hypovolaemic shock

Answer 4

Severe haemorrhage
Occult bleeding
Extensive burns - loss of serum
Severe diarrhoea and vomiting

Question 5

What is cardiogenic shock

Answer 5

Damaged heart muscle can not maintain cardiac output due to acute heart disease

Question 6

How does septic shock arise

Answer 6

Toxins trigger massive inflammatory cascade.
Uncontrolled response. Inflammatory mediators cause profound vasodilation, profound hypotension, reduced cardiac contraction.

Question 7

What can cause neurogenic shock

Answer 7

Sudden acute pain, severe emotional experience, spinal anaesthesia, spinal cord damage

Question 8

Why can neurogenic causes result in shock

Answer 8

Causes interfere with normal control of blood vessel diameter, leading to profound hypotension

Question 9

How can anaphylaxis result in shock

Answer 9

Provoked release of system inflammatory mediators including histamine and bradykinin causes venous pooling and hypotension.
Generalised vasodilation.

Question 10

What are the two main physiological mechanisms within shock

Answer 10

Compensated shock

Uncompensated shock