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anatomy chapter 1 (eof summer that thing) > basics > Flashcards

basics Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The study of Structure and Form of the body

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

The study of function of body parts

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3
Q

What does the Scientific Method refer to?

A
  • Examining natural events
  • Developing a hypothesis to explain it
  • Experiment and test the hypothesis
  • Determine if the data supports the hypothesis
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4
Q

Define Cytology

A

The study of body cells and their internal structure

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5
Q

Define Histology

A

The study of Tissue

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6
Q

Define Systemic Anatomy

A

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system

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7
Q

Define Regional Anatomy

A

Examines all structures in a particular body region

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8
Q

Define Surface Anatomy

A

Focuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them.

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9
Q

Define Comparative Anatomy

A

examines similarities and differences of the anatomy of a species

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10
Q

Embryology

A

Concerned with developmental changes occuring from conception to birth

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11
Q

Define Pathologic Anatomy

A

Examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

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12
Q

Define Radiographic Anatomy

A

investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning prcedures (sonography, MRI, or x-ray)

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13
Q

Define Pathophysiology

A

investigates the relationship between the function of an organ system and disease or injury to the organ system.

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14
Q

What are the Body’s level of organization

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
  6. Tissue
  7. Organ
  8. Organ System
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Connective
Nervous
Epithelial
Muscle

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16
Q

What are the types of muscle tissues

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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17
Q

Vividly describe anatomic position

A
  • Standing upright
  • feet parallel and flat on the floor
  • upper limbs at sides
  • palms facing (anteriorly) towards the front
  • head level
  • eyes forward towards the observer
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18
Q

What does the term section imply.

A

An actual cut or slice to expose internal anatomy

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19
Q

What does the term plane imply?

A

AN imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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20
Q

what are the 3 anatomical planes

A

Transverse, coronal and midsagittal

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21
Q

Describe what the coronal plane divides the body into.

A

Also called the frontal plane and divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts.

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22
Q

Describe what the transverse plane divides the body into.

A

Also called the horizontal plane or the cross sectional plane divides the body into the top and bottom (superior and inferior)

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23
Q

Describe what the midsagittal plane divides the body into.

A

Also called the median plane is a vertical plane and divides the body into left and right halves.

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24
Q

Describe Anterior direction

A

Towards the front of the body

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25
Q

Describe posterior direction

A

towards the trunk of the body

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26
Q

Describe superior direction

A

Towards the head

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27
Q

Define inferior direction

A

Towards the feet

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28
Q

Define medial direction

A

Towards the midline

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29
Q

define lateral direction

A

away from the midline

30
Q

define proximal direction

A

Towards/ closer to a point of attachment

31
Q

Define distal direction

A

Away from or far from the point of attachment

32
Q

What does the axial region include

A

Head, neck and trunk

33
Q

what are the two main regions of the human body

A

axial and appendicular

34
Q

Define the appendicular region and what it consists of

A

consists of appendages, otherwise known asupper and lower extremities

35
Q

Name the 5 body cavities

A

Cranialcavity.

Spinalcavity.

Thoraciccavity.

Abdominalcavity

Pelviccavity.

36
Q

Name as many body systems as possible

A

Integumentary

Muscular

Skeletal

Nervous

Circulatory

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Endocrine

Urinary/Excretory

Reproductive and

Digestive System

37
Q

What is the intergumentary systems purpose

A 
covers the body
regulates body temp
creates structures for sensation
site of cutaneuous receptors and some glands
synthesizes vitamin D
prevents water loss
38
Q

What is the muscular systems purpose

A

Aids/ enables body movement

generates heat when muscles contract

39
Q

What is the skeletal systems purpose

A

Provides support and protection
site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production)
stores calcium and phosphorus
provides site for muscle attachment

40
Q

What is the nervous systems purpose

A

regulatory system
controls muscles and some glands
reacts to stimuli
responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory

41
Q

What is the endocrine systems purpose

A

secretes hormones to regulate development, growth and metabolism
maintains homeostasis of blood composition and volume
controls digestive process
controls reproduction

42
Q

What is the lymphatic systems purpose

A

transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transpoted through lymph vessels)
participates in immune response when necessary

43
Q

What is the cardivascular systems purpose

A

moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases as well as pick up waste products

44
Q

What is the resperatory systems purpose

A

responsible for an exchange of gases in the body (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood, the lungs and the air

45
Q

What is the urinary systems purpose

A

filters blood to remove waste
concentrates waste products in the form of urine
expels urine from the body

46
Q

What is the digestive systems purpose

A

mechanically and chemically digests food materials
absorbs nutrients
expels solid waste products

47
Q

What is the female reproductive systems purpose

A

produces female sex cells (oocytes)
produces hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
recieves sperm from the male
site of fertalization of oocyte
site of growth of the embryo and fetus
produces and secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn

48
Q

What is the male reproductive systems purpose

A

produces male sex cells (sperm)
prodeces male hormones (testosterone)
transfers sperm to female

49
Q

what is the posterior aspect?

A

contains cavities that are completely encased in bone and are physically and developmentally different from the ventral cavity.

50
Q

what are the two parts of the posterior canal?

A

cranial cavity and vertebral canal

51
Q

Define dorsal direction

A

at the backside of the human body

52
Q

define ventral direction

A

at the belly side of the human body

53
Q

define cranial (cephalic) direction

A

at the head end

54
Q

define caudal direction

A

at rear or tale end

55
Q

define rostral direction

A

towards the nose or mouth

56
Q

define deep direction

A

on the inside or internal to another structure

57
Q

define superficial direction

A

on the outside

58
Q

What cavities make up the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
(abdominopelvic cavity)

59
Q

what separates the thoracic anfd abdominopelvic cavities

A

the diaphram

60
Q

what is a membrane

A

a continuous layer of cells that surrounds a single cell (comparable to a plasma membrane)

61
Q

What are the two layers of serous membranes andtheir purpose

A

parietal layer- lines internal body surface

visceral layer-covers external of the organs within a cavity

62
Q

what is the space between the visceral and parietal layer called and its purpose

A

serous cavity- gets filed with serous fluid which provides lubrication for organ movement and to reduce friction

63
Q

What serous membrane encases the heart?

A

the pericardium

64
Q

What serous membrane surrounds the lungs

A

the pleura

65
Q

what is the median space in the thoracic cavity called

A

mediastinum

66
Q

what is the membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

the peritoneum

67
Q

name the 3 top abdominopelvic regions

A

Right hypochondriac region / hypochondrium (RHC)

Epigastric region (also known as epigastrium)

Left hypochondriac region / hypochondrium (LHC)

68
Q

name the 3 center abdominopelvic regions

A

Right lumbar region

Umbilical region

Left lumbar region

69
Q

name the 3 bottom abdominopelvic regions

A

Right iliac region / Right iliac fossa (RIF)

Hypogastric region

Left iliac region / Left iliac fossa (LIF)

70
Q

name one organ in the right hypochondric region

A

right hypochondriacliver, gallbladder, right kidney, and small intestine.

71
Q

Name one organ found in the epigatric region

A

epigastricregion.

stomach, liver, and the pancreas. The adrenal glands and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum

72
Q

name one organ found in the left hypochodriac region

A

eft hypochondriacregion, which contains organs such as the spleen, colon, left kidney, and pancreas.

anatomy chapter 1 (eof summer that thing) (1 decks)

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