Basics

Question 1

what 2 forms can radiation occur as? /2

Answer 1

1. highspeed particles

2. energy travelling as electromagnetic waves

Question 2

define coloumb’s law

Answer 2

binding energy decreases as electron shells move further away from the nucleus

Question 3

define electrical potential energy

Answer 3

forces that act between charged bodies

Question 4

what are 3 properties of x and gamma rays? /3

Answer 4

1. travel in straight lines
2. canno’t be foccused
3. not affected by electrical or magnetic fields

Question 5

what is the alpha particle charge?

Answer 5

+2

Question 6

what is the alpha particle safe distance?

Answer 6

2-5cm

Question 7

what is the alpha particle shielding?

Answer 7

paper

Question 8

what is the beta particle safe distance?

Answer 8

4-5m

Question 9

what is the neutron radiation safe distance?

Answer 9

2m

Question 10

define activity

Answer 10

the number of decays per second

Question 11

what is radiation intensity/dose rate?

Answer 11

the amount of energy absorbed by any matter placed in a radiation beam

Question 12

what are the units for rad?

Answer 12

gray (Gy)

Question 13

define rem

Answer 13

dose from any radiation that produces biological effects to 1R

Question 14

define rem

Answer 14

dose from any radiation that produces biological effects to 1R

Question 15

how do you calculate rem?

Answer 15

rem= rad x q or rbe

Question 16

what do survey meters measure?

Answer 16

intensity

Question 17

what is the max range of drd’s?

Answer 17

5msv

Question 18

what is the max range of drd’s?

Answer 18

5msv

Question 19

define somatic effect

Answer 19

radiation damage to a person, not reproductive cells

Question 20

what are the 4 factors that influence the effect of biological damage?

Answer 20

1. amount absorbed
2. rate of absorption
3. part of body that absorbed the radiation
4. type of radiation

Question 21

what are the 4 factors that influence the effect of biological damage?

Answer 21

1. amount absorbed
2. rate of absorption
3. part of body that absorbed the radiation
4. type of radiation

Question 22

0-250msv

Answer 22

no injury

Question 23

250-500msv

Answer 23

no serious injury

Question 24

500-1000msv

Answer 24

blood/cell changes, some injury, no disability

Question 25

1-2sv

Answer 25

injury, possible disability

Question 26

define the photoelectric effect

Answer 26

all energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron

Question 27

define the photoelectric effect

Answer 27

all energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron

Question 28

define the compton effect

Answer 28

partial energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron, the rest is scatter

Question 29

define coherent effect

Answer 29

electron doesnt move, but vibrates, giving off scatter radiation

Question 30

define coherent effect

Answer 30

electron doesnt move, but vibrates, giving off scatter radiation

Question 31

what is the first stage of making artificial radiation? Explain

Answer 31

neutron activation

-pill becomes carrier free

Question 32

what is the second stage of making artificial radiation?

Answer 32

fission

-electricity, encapsulated

Question 33

define activity

Answer 33

the measure of the strength of a radioactive source

Question 34

what does dose rate measure?

Answer 34

how fast radiation is absorbed

Question 35

define ion pair

Answer 35

positively charged ion + an electron

Question 36

define ionizing radiation

Answer 36

radiation that has enough energy to break chemical bonds to form ions

Question 37

define isotope

Answer 37

element with the same atomic number, different atomic mass

Question 38

define radioactive

Answer 38

unstable elements emitting radiation in an attempt to become stable

Question 39

define radioactivity

Answer 39

the emission of radiation from an unstable element

Question 40

what is the allowed intensity on a storage area?

Answer 40

0.025msv