Basics Flashcards
what 2 forms can radiation occur as? /2
- highspeed particles
2. energy travelling as electromagnetic waves
define coloumb’s law
binding energy decreases as electron shells move further away from the nucleus
define electrical potential energy
forces that act between charged bodies
what are 3 properties of x and gamma rays? /3
- travel in straight lines
- canno’t be foccused
- not affected by electrical or magnetic fields
what is the alpha particle charge?
+2
what is the alpha particle safe distance?
2-5cm
what is the alpha particle shielding?
paper
what is the beta particle safe distance?
4-5m
what is the neutron radiation safe distance?
2m
define activity
the number of decays per second
what is radiation intensity/dose rate?
the amount of energy absorbed by any matter placed in a radiation beam
what are the units for rad?
gray (Gy)
define rem
dose from any radiation that produces biological effects to 1R
define rem
dose from any radiation that produces biological effects to 1R
how do you calculate rem?
rem= rad x q or rbe
what do survey meters measure?
intensity
what is the max range of drd’s?
5msv
what is the max range of drd’s?
5msv
define somatic effect
radiation damage to a person, not reproductive cells
what are the 4 factors that influence the effect of biological damage?
- amount absorbed
- rate of absorption
- part of body that absorbed the radiation
- type of radiation
what are the 4 factors that influence the effect of biological damage?
- amount absorbed
- rate of absorption
- part of body that absorbed the radiation
- type of radiation
0-250msv
no injury
250-500msv
no serious injury
500-1000msv
blood/cell changes, some injury, no disability
1-2sv
injury, possible disability
define the photoelectric effect
all energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron
define the photoelectric effect
all energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron
define the compton effect
partial energy from photon beam is transfered to ejected electron, the rest is scatter
define coherent effect
electron doesnt move, but vibrates, giving off scatter radiation
define coherent effect
electron doesnt move, but vibrates, giving off scatter radiation
what is the first stage of making artificial radiation? Explain
neutron activation
-pill becomes carrier free
what is the second stage of making artificial radiation?
fission
-electricity, encapsulated
define activity
the measure of the strength of a radioactive source
what does dose rate measure?
how fast radiation is absorbed
define ion pair
positively charged ion + an electron
define ionizing radiation
radiation that has enough energy to break chemical bonds to form ions
define isotope
element with the same atomic number, different atomic mass
define radioactive
unstable elements emitting radiation in an attempt to become stable
define radioactivity
the emission of radiation from an unstable element
what is the allowed intensity on a storage area?
0.025msv
