BASICS

Question 1

Inactive or stored energy is called __________ energy

Answer 1

potential

Question 2

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of __________ they possess.

Answer 2

neutrons

Question 3

Atoms that are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable are specifically termed __________.

Answer 3

radioisotopes

Question 4

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called the __________.

Answer 4

atomic mass number

Question 5

Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution (because they contain ions) are called __________.

Answer 5

electrolytes

Question 6

The outermost shell of an atom is called the __________ shell

Answer 6

valence

Question 7

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) __________. State the answer in two ways

Answer 7

protons; hydrogen ions

Question 8

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called __________

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

The category of organic compounds that are composed of four interconnected rings of carbon atoms is known as __________.

Answer 9

steroids

Question 10

The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as its ________ structure.

Answer 10

primary

Question 11

The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is a(n) ________

Answer 11

substrate (reactant)

Question 12

A liquid in which other substances dissolve is a(n) ________

Answer 12

solvent

Question 13

Protons and neutrons are located in the ________ of an atom

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

Nucleotides are joined by sugar-phosphate bonds to form polymers called __________

Answer 14

nucleotides

Question 15

The universal energy compound that provides immediately usable energy to cells is __________

Answer 15

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 16

________ control the rate of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

________ are compounds that in solution maintain pH within given limits

Answer 17

Buffers

Question 18

A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute

Answer 18

solution

Question 19

The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by interactions between _____________ of different amino acids within the polypeptide sequence.

Answer 19

R groups

Question 20

The simplest atom containing one proton, one electron, and no neutronsis ____________

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

A peptide bond links two __________

Answer 21

two amino acids

Question 22

Calcium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect calcium to form ions with a charge of ____________.

Answer 22

+2

Question 23

Which type of chemical bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?

Answer 23

hydrogen bonds

Question 24

A chain of 100 amino acids would be called a ________

Answer 24

polypeptide

Question 25

The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of the __________ structure of a protein

Answer 25

secondary

Question 26

) An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ____________

Answer 26

14

Question 27

An atom has 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons. The number of electrons in its valence shell is ____________.

Answer 27

5

Question 28

Negatively charged atoms are called cations

Answer 28

f

Question 29

Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation

Answer 29

t

Question 30

Enzymes decrease the rates of chemical reactions.

Answer 30

f

Question 31

Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides

Answer 31

t

Question 32

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions

Answer 32

f

Question 33

When a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral

Answer 33

t

Question 34

The hydrolysis of an organic polymer is an example of an exothermic reaction

Answer 34

t

Question 35

All atoms of a certain element have the same number of protons, but they can differ in the number of neutrons

Answer 35

t

Question 36

The conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides is an example of dehydration synthesis

Answer 36

t

Question 37

A protein is said to have a quaternary structure when it is composed of two or more polypeptide chains

Answer 37

t

Question 38

Matter is most stable when it contains the maximum amount of potential energy.

Answer 38

f

Question 39

Lysine is an example of an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain.

Answer 39

f

Question 40

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the “cell coat,” which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

Answer 40

f