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Biochemistry > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Dipole?

A

Molecule with electric charge distributed asymmetrically about its structure

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2
Q

Amphoteric?

A

Can act as acid and base

Dissociates into hydronium and hydroxide ions

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3
Q

Below pKa, an acid is?

A

Protonated

Uncharged

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4
Q

Below pKa, a base is?

A

Protonated

Charged

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5
Q

Above pKa, an acid is?

A

Unprotonated

Charged

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6
Q

Above pKa, a base is?

A

Unprotonated

Charged

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7
Q

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A 
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol, paraldehyde
Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis (sepsis, shock)
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
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8
Q

Differentiate prosthetic group, cofactors and coenzymes

A

Prosthetic group: cofactors permanently or tightly attached to enzymes

Cofactor: transient attachment to enzyme, required for reactions, inorganic

Coenzyme: transient attachment, required, organic (vitamins), recyclable shuttles that transport substrates

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9
Q

Michaelis-menten equation is for?

A

Describes how velocity changes with substrate concentration

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10
Q

Lineweaver-Burk plot?

A

Reciprocal

To determine Km and Vmax

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11
Q

Gibbs free energy change

A

Predicts spontaneousness of reaction or favorability

Delta G= H - TS

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12
Q

Name the different ETC components

A 
I- NADPH dehydrogenase
II- succinate dehydrogenase
Coenzyme Q
III- cytochrome b/c1
Cytochrome C
IV- cytochrome a/a3
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13
Q

Barbiturate inhibits?

A

Complex I

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14
Q

Piercidin A inhibits?

A

Complex I

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15
Q

Amytal inhibits?

A

Complex I

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16
Q

Rotenone inhibits?

A

Complex I

17
Q

Malonate inhibits?

A

Complex II

18
Q

Carboxin inhibits?

A

Complex II

19
Q

TTFA inhibits?

A

Complex II

20
Q

Antimycin inhibits?

A

Complex III

21
Q

Dimercaptrol inhibits?

A

Complex III

22
Q

Cyanide inhibits?

A

Complex IV

23
Q

Carbon monoxide inhibits?

A

Complex IV

24
Q

Sodium Azide inhibits?

A

Complex IV

25
Q

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits?

A

Complex IV

26
Q

Uncouplers are?

A

Increase IMM permeability
2,4 dinitrophenol
Aspirin
Thermogenin

Produce heat

27
Q

Oligomycin

A

ATP Synthase inhibitor

28
Q

Fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy

A

All ETC complexes

29
Q

Complex I deficiency

A

MELAS

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke like episodes

30
Q

Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

A

Complex II

31
Q

Complex III

A

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

32
Q

Complex IV deficiency

A

Leigh’s disease

33
Q

High dielectric constant?

A

Causes charged particles to dissociate easily

Biochemistry (5 decks)

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