Basics

Question 1

Dipole?

Answer 1

Molecule with electric charge distributed asymmetrically about its structure

Question 2

Amphoteric?

Answer 2

Can act as acid and base

Dissociates into hydronium and hydroxide ions

Question 3

Below pKa, an acid is?

Answer 3

Protonated

Uncharged

Question 4

Below pKa, a base is?

Answer 4

Protonated

Charged

Question 5

Above pKa, an acid is?

Answer 5

Unprotonated

Charged

Question 6

Above pKa, a base is?

Answer 6

Unprotonated

Charged

Question 7

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 7

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol, paraldehyde
Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis (sepsis, shock)
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

Question 8

Differentiate prosthetic group, cofactors and coenzymes

Answer 8

Prosthetic group: cofactors permanently or tightly attached to enzymes

Cofactor: transient attachment to enzyme, required for reactions, inorganic

Coenzyme: transient attachment, required, organic (vitamins), recyclable shuttles that transport substrates

Question 9

Michaelis-menten equation is for?

Answer 9

Describes how velocity changes with substrate concentration

Question 10

Lineweaver-Burk plot?

Answer 10

Reciprocal

To determine Km and Vmax

Question 11

Gibbs free energy change

Answer 11

Predicts spontaneousness of reaction or favorability

Delta G= H - TS

Question 12

Name the different ETC components

Answer 12

I- NADPH dehydrogenase
II- succinate dehydrogenase
Coenzyme Q
III- cytochrome b/c1
Cytochrome C
IV- cytochrome a/a3

Question 13

Barbiturate inhibits?

Answer 13

Complex I

Question 14

Piercidin A inhibits?

Answer 14

Complex I

Question 15

Amytal inhibits?

Answer 15

Complex I

Question 16

Rotenone inhibits?

Answer 16

Complex I

Question 17

Malonate inhibits?

Answer 17

Complex II

Question 18

Carboxin inhibits?

Answer 18

Complex II

Question 19

TTFA inhibits?

Answer 19

Complex II

Question 20

Antimycin inhibits?

Answer 20

Complex III

Question 21

Dimercaptrol inhibits?

Answer 21

Complex III

Question 22

Cyanide inhibits?

Answer 22

Complex IV

Question 23

Carbon monoxide inhibits?

Answer 23

Complex IV

Question 24

Sodium Azide inhibits?

Answer 24

Complex IV

Question 25

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits?

Answer 25

Complex IV

Question 26

Uncouplers are?

Answer 26

Increase IMM permeability 2,4 dinitrophenol Aspirin Thermogenin Produce heat

Question 27

Oligomycin

Answer 27

ATP Synthase inhibitor

Question 28

Fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy

Answer 28

All ETC complexes

Question 29

Complex I deficiency

Answer 29

MELAS | Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke like episodes

Question 30

Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

Answer 30

Complex II

Question 31

Complex III

Answer 31

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

Question 32

Complex IV deficiency

Answer 32

Leigh's disease

Question 33

High dielectric constant?

Answer 33

Causes charged particles to dissociate easily