Basics Flashcards
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Charge= +1
Mass= 1
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge= 0
Mass= 1
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Charge= -1
Mass= 0
What did Dalton say about the Billiard Ball?
That atoms were solid spheres and different spheres made up different elements
What was JJ Thompson atom model called?
The plum pudding model which said that atoms were positive spheres with negative electrons
What did Ernest Ruthford create that we use today?
The planetary model
Added shells and a positively charged nucleus
What are Isotopes?
Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Due to Isotopes having the same of protons but different number of neutrons what does this suggest?
The atomic number is constant but the mass number changes
What does it mean if an element has only one isotope?
The mass number is the same as the abundance
What does it mean if an element has more than one isotope?
You must take into account how much of each one there is (find the average of the mass number of all the isotopes)
What is the relative atomic mass?
An average mass of all the isotopes of an element
What are the steps for when you’re asked to calculate the relative atomic mass of copper?
- Times the mass by the abundance percentage for all the isotopes mentioned
- Add them together
- Divide it all by 100
What is Ionic Bonding?
Bonds between a metal and non-metal
Why do atoms bond to get a full outer shell?
Because if they don’t have a full outer shell they are NOT stable
What is an ion?
A charged particle
How is an ion formed?
By the loss or gain of electrons
What happens to electrons when atoms form ionic bonds?
They either loose or gain electrons
What with the charge of an element be if it looses one electron?
+1 as it lost negative charge becoming a cation
What is the charge of an element if it gains 1 electron?
-1 as it gained negative charge becoming a anion
What is the name of the structure that Ionic compounds form?
Giant Crystal Lattice
(Example is same for all) For sodium chloride (salt) how will the ions be arranged in a giant crystal lattice?
The Na+ and Cl- ions are will alternate (same for any ionic bond)
What holds the ions together in a giant crystal lattice?
Strong electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ions
What are electrostatic forces?
Strong forces between positive and negative ions
Can ionic compounds conduct electricity as a solid and why or why not?
Ionic compounds CAN’T conduct electricity when a solid as ions are fixed in place
What do you have to do to ionic compounds to make them conduct electricity and why?
They must be dissolved into or molten to conduct electricity as when they are the ions are free to move and will conduct an electrical current
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points as you need lots of energy to overcome the strong electrostatic forces between ions
When doing ionic equations what are the two important steps to remember?
- Split into ions
- Remove ions that don’t change in the equation
