Basics Flashcards
Flexion
bending of body segments so their surfaces come together
Extension
moving apart of two opposing body segments
Abduction
movement of body segment away from midline
Adduction
movement of body segment towards midline
Lateral Flexion
bending of trunk to one side of midline
Medial Rotation
rotating limb segment toward midline
Lateral Rotation
rotating limb segment away from midline
Supination
movement so palm faces anteriorly/sole faces medially
Pronation
movement so palm faces Posteriorly/sole faces laterally
Plantar Flexion
moving top of foot away from shin/pointing toes away from head
Dorsiflexion
moving top of foot towards shin/pulling toes towards head
Inversion
combined movement of supination and adduction of whole foot
Eversion
combined movement of pronation and abduction of whole foot
types of mediated transport
facilitated diffusion and active transport
Endocytosis
Vesicles transport molecules into cell
Exocytosis
Vesicles transport molecules out of cell
Layers of skin
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Protective waterproof layer of skin
Epidermis
Layer of skin rich with vessels and nerves and elasticity
Dermis
Shock absorbing layer of skin
Hypodermis
Superficial fascia
loose areolar tissue with cutaneous nerves, vessels and lymphatics
Deep fascia
Fibrous tissue around limbs, body and deep structures. Rich nerve supply
Determines the pattern or spread of infection
fascia
Fascial spaces
Potential spaces that occur due to pathology
functions of bone
locomotion, support, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and synthesis of blood cells
Components of bone
Periosteum, outer compact bone, cancellous spongy bone, medullary cavity
Function of outer compact bone
Gives strength/rigidity
Function of cancellous spongy bone
Resists external forces
Contains bone marrow
Medullary cavity
Comprises nervous tissue
Nerve cells and neuroglia
Axial skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper limb, lower limb
Fibrous joints
bones connected by fibrous tissue that permits very little or no movement
Cartilaginous joints
pad of cartilage between bones that allow limited movement by compression of the cartilage
Synovial joints
fibrous capsule lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid, with articular surfaces coated in hyaline cartilage
Synovial gliding joint
Bones glide over each other, least moveable
Synovial hinge joint
movement in one plane only, usually flexion/extension
Synovial pivot joint
rotary movement around one axis
Synovial saddle joint
movement around two axes allowing flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
synovial ball and socket joint
allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction
Cartilage
dense connective tissue of fibres within a matrix
Functions of cartilage
Support and shape structures, cushioning and absorbing shock
Hyaline cartilage
covers bone surfaces at joints. acts as common connector
Fibrous cartilage
strong and rigid, composed of fibrous elements
Elastic cartilage
elastic and resilient with elastic fibres
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to bone
Bursae
Synovial sacs located at friction points between tendons, ligaments and bones
Function of bursae
Act as cushion to reduce stress and friction on adjacent surfaces
