Basics Flashcards
What is chromatography and what mixtures can we separate with it?
quite versatile
different components must have a different
affinity for stationary and mobile phase
usually Al2O3 as solvent - silica gel
What is distillation and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Conversion of liquid to a gaseous state and then condensation back to liquid.
Separating liquids from nonvolatile solids (ex. alcoholic materials from fermented materials) or two liquids with different boiling points.
Can be done under a vacuum for mixtures with high boiling points/heat sensitive.
What is evaporation and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Conversion of liquid to a gaseous state.
Used for a mixture with a dissolved solid in liquid with different boiling points.
Its below the boiling point.
What is filtration and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Separation of the components containing an undissolved solid in a liquid.
Can be done under vacuum for complete removal of the liquid and faster process.
What is sublimation and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Is a conversion of substance from solid to gaseous state without it becoming a liquid.
Substances with high vapor pressure at room temperature.
What is sedimentation and what mixtures can we separate with it?
The process in which the particles separate from the liquid because of the gravity
they just sink.
What is extraction and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Solution containing dissolved components is placed in a funnel where an immiscible solvent is added -> that forms two layers which when mixed allow for the movement of those dissolved component from one layer to another.
What is crystallization and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Solid phase is separated from the liquid because of different solubility and temperature (first will crystalize the one with low solubility).
What is decantation and what mixtures can we separate with it?
Separates heterogenous mixtures of phases which differ from each other in density.
