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Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 levels of reflection in Global History?

A
  1. methods and practices
  2. Theories of global History
  3. Discussion in the position of each scholar in the field of Global History
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2
Q

The approach of GH is…, because…

A

**The approach of GH is DECONSTRUCTIVE, because it deconstructs structures within research and history - moving beyond and away from spatial and temporal limitations (nation state) and biases in history (eurocentrism, concept of modernity)

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3
Q

What means Asymmetric Ignorance?

A

Western historians can produce their work in relative IGNORANCE of non-western histories - something non-western historians can´t do

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4
Q

How does eurocentrism show?

A
  • the way we talk about conflicts
  • concept of modernity (europe as the engine of process)
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5
Q

What does the “Dependency Theory” addresses and suggests

A

Dependency Theory addresses the primacy of western knowledge and suggests new patterns of academic knowledge

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6
Q

Doing global history is…

A

describing phenomena that happened on a global scale (focus not only on the Event in the nation state but on exchange and connections - how this was effecting further regions)

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7
Q

Modernity is as a concept…

A

deeply rooted in European history and criticized by GH

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8
Q

name the GH models of modernity

A
  1. multiple modernities (several concepts of modernity - not rooted in Europe)
  2. Connected modernities
  3. Unthinking modernity - downgrading the concept of modernity into a hypothesis - check if its true
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9
Q

Comparison as a key tool in GH can be conducted through several approaches name them.

A
  1. Macro-analytical comparison
  2. reciprocal comparison
  3. incorporating comparison
  4. Histoire croiseé
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10
Q

What is specific about Histoire croisée in its comparative approach?

A

The Comparison of connected SPATIAL UNITS - the element of comparison is more present then in connected history for example

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11
Q

What is specific about the incorporating comparison approach?

A

The comparison takes place across TIME and SPATIAL UNITS - comparison of connected spatial units that change across time

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12
Q

What is particular about the method of reciprocal comparison?

A

Comparing by asking questions emerging from both (or multiple) temporal and/or spatial contexts

  • viewing both sides of the comparison as “deviations” when seen through the expectations of the other, rather tahn leaving one as always the norm
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13
Q

What are advantages of the reciprocal comparison? What does it prevent? What does it expand?

A

It prevents postulating the exceptionality of a historical proces before checking it empirically

prevents eurocentrism

it expands the research question

It creates an effect of estrangement/defamiliarization

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14
Q

What is particular about Macro-analytical comparison - what it is one main problem of this approach

A
  • comparing by pre-defining spatial and temporal units and categories (factors)
  • UNIVERSAL FRAMEWORK for each chapter
  • Comparison through STRCUTURAL PARAMETER
  • Problem: entirely dependent on secondary literature
  • very static
  • very broad synthesis
  • simplifications (e.g. no focus on differences within each spatial unit)
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15
Q

The theory of Heterotemporality claims?

It describes the way in which…

A

The Coexistence of multiple temporalities in a single space, which can be seen as a form of temporal heterogeneity

it describes the way in which different temporalities intersect and inteact with each other in a given context.

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16
Q

provincializing Europe through 3 methods:

A
  1. Shift in Configuration - (breaking up units - see configurations within one social system)
  2. Shift in Periodization
    (Hierarchies of periodisations, co-existence of continuities…- Heterotemporality)
  3. Analysis shifts across time
17
Q

Global History focuses on…

A

Connections and exchanges between different groups of different regions

  • flow of ideas, objects, people, commodities…
18
Q

Name the 3 varities of GH (S. Conrad)

A
  1. The history of what happens worldwide
  2. Focus on exchange and connections
  3. History based on the concept of global integration
  • tension between them
19
Q

Name the 8 features of GH

A
  1. **Not only macro-perspective **
  2. Alternative notions of space - (always searching for other units)
  3. Inherently relational
  4. The question of spatiality - focus on the way ind. and societies interact with each other
  5. Emphasis on the synchronicity of historical events
  6. Experimental part
  7. Explicit positionality of thinking about the global past
  8. Beyond an exclusive focus on exchange and connections

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