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Obstetrics For Neetpg > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

1.Oogenesis - mitosis stops @
2. Transition period
3. Meiosis 1 gets arrested in
4. Meiosis 2 gets arrested in

A
  1. 20 wks
  2. 12 to 20 wks
  3. Prophase
  4. Metaphase
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2
Q

Number of oogonia
1. @20wks of IUL
2. @ birth
3. @ puberty
4. Released totally
5. Recruitment rate

A
  1. 7 mill
  2. 1.2 mill
  3. 4 lakh
  4. 400
  5. 1000/cycle
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3
Q

1.Largest cell in the body
2. Inner cell membrane
3. Outer transparent mucoprotein envelope
4. Polar bodies are present in

A
  1. Mature ova
  2. Vitelline membrane
  3. Zona pellucida
  4. Perivitelline space
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4
Q
  1. No. Of spermatozoa from 1 spermatogonium
  2. Time for spermatogenesis
  3. Time taken to reach vas deferents
  4. Time for epididymis maturation
A
  1. 512
  2. 71 days
  3. 3 months
  4. 2-3 wks
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5
Q
  1. Time taken for capacitation
  2. Biochemical change
  3. Site of liquefaction
  4. Time for liquefaction
  5. Speed of sperm after capacitation
A
  1. 2-6hrs
  2. Ca influx and H effluent
  3. Prostate
  4. <20 min
  5. 2-3mm/hr
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6
Q
  1. Oocyte viable for
  2. Sperm viable for
  3. Sperm viable in vagina for
A
  1. 24hrs
  2. 72hrs
  3. 4hrs
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7
Q

Days post fertilisation
1. Morula
2. Blastocyst
3. Zona hatching
4. Implantation

A
  1. D4
  2. D5
  3. D4-d5
  4. D6-D11
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8
Q

Stages of implantation

A

Apposition
Adhesion
Penetration
Invasion

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9
Q
  1. Villi overlying the decidua basalis forms
  2. Villi overlying the decidua capsularis forms
  3. Decidua capsularis and parietalis fuse by
A
  1. Chorion frondosum
  2. Chorion levae
  3. 12-16wks
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10
Q

Membrane between decidua basalis and myometrium?
Defect in this membrane leads to?

A

Nitabusch memb
Adherent placenta

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11
Q

Days post fertilisation
1. Utero placental circulation
2. Primary villi
3. Secondary villi
4. Tertiary villi
5. Feto placental circulation

A
  1. D11
  2. D13 syncytial+cyto
  3. D16 +ICM
  4. D21 +fetal vessels
  5. D22
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12
Q
  1. Diameter of placenta
  2. Thickness of placenta
  3. No. Of cotyledons
  4. Length of cord
  5. Short cord
  6. Long cord
A
  1. 15-20 cm
  2. 2.5cm
  3. 15-20cm
  4. 55cm
  5. <25cm
  6. > 100cm
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13
Q
  1. Placental weight equals fetal weight by
  2. Ratio @ term
  3. Fetal macrophages
  4. Fetoplacental blood flow
  5. Uteroplacental blood flow
  6. Intervillous space
A
  1. 17wks
  2. 1:6
  3. Hafbauer cells
  4. 100-150ml
  5. 500-750ml
  6. 150ml
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14
Q

Abnormal placenta
1. Basal plate larger
2. Both basal plate and amniotic memb larger
3. Accessory lobe
4. Avascular accessory lobe
5. Division of umbilical vessels
6. Marginal cord insertion
7. Vessels running through amniotic memb

A
  1. Cirmcummarginate
  2. Cricumvallate - common
  3. Succenturiata
  4. Spuria
  5. Furcata
  6. Battledore
  7. Vellamentous
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15
Q

Types of vasa previa

A

Type 1 vellamantous insertion
Type 2 succenturiata with communicating vessel

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16
Q

Types of adherent placenta

A
  1. Accreta - partial myometrium
  2. Increta - entire myometrium
  3. Percreta - serosa
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17
Q

Causes of adherent placenta
Mc cause
IOC
Treatment

A

Placenta previa, uterine scarring(mc), endometritis
IOC MRI»DOPPLER
Cesarian hysterectomy or
PN methotrexate

18
Q

Methods of placental seperation
Signs

A

Skull - central seperation
Mathew Duncan - marginal seperation

Shroders - suprapubic bulge
Kushner - extravulval elongation of cord
Gush of blood

19
Q

Carbatocin

A

Analogue of oxytocin
Heat stable
Direct IV
Dose 100mcg

20
Q

SUA mc associated with

A

Trisomy 18
IODM
Cardiac anomalies

21
Q

hCG:
Also called as
Biochemical Nature:
Act via
Molecular weight:
T½:
Doubling Time:
Subunits:
Structurally similar to HCG:

A

LH surrogate
Glycoprotein
LH receptors
36000 D
36 hrs
48 hrs
Alpha, beta
TSH,FSH,LH

22
Q

Source of HCG:
Before 5 weeks:
After 5 weeks:
Chromosome coding alpha chair
Chromosome coding beta chain’
Maximum levels:
Earliest detectable:
Peaks at:
Disappears from circulation
———— stimulates hcg production
Clearance

A

Syncytio and cyto
Syncytio
Chr 6
Chr 19
1 lakh
D8 post fertilisation
60-70 days
2wks postpartum
Placental GnRH
Liver>kidney

23
Q

Increasing hcg

A

Placentomegaly (multiple, dm, rh incompatibility)
Downs
Gtd

24
Q

Decrease hcg

A

Edwards
Patau
IUD
Abortion
Ectopic

25
Q

Functions of hcg

A

1.Rescue & maintainance of - Corpus luteum
2.Stimulates - Leydig cell replication (Leydig cell ->(estosterone)
3.increase testosterone secretion -> Male sexual differentiation
4.Stimulates maternal thyroid gland. (TSH)
5.increase Relaxin secretion from corpus luteum.
6.Uterine vasodilatation & myometrial relaxation
7.Expansion of decidual (NK cells)

26
Q

Hpl
Also called as
Biochemical nature
Mol weihjt
Structurally similar to
Source before 6 weeks is:
Source after 6 weeks’ is:
Encoded by
Detected earlist
Peaks
T1/2

A

Chorionic GH
Peptide
22279 D
GH and prolactin
Syncytio and cyto
Cyto
Chr 17
3 weeks post fertilisation
34-36wks
20min

27
Q

Function of hpl

A

1.Diabetogenic hormone of pregnancy
2.Angiogenic - fetal vessel formation
3.Increase insulin synthesis (beta cell hyperplasia)
4.Increase Insulin secretion
5.Decrease leptin secretion
6.Promotes lipolysis

28
Q

1.CRH raises by
2. Peaks by
3. Stimulates
4. Secreted by

A
  1. 30 wks
  2. 40wks
  3. Surfactant synthesis and initiates labour
  4. Placenta
29
Q

Placental steroids source
1. 1st tri
2. 2nd tri
3. Uteroplacental transition

A
  1. Corpus luteum
  2. Placenta
  3. 8-12wks
30
Q

1.Estrogen cannot be syn by placenta due to absence of
2. Hormones for placental estrogen syn
3. Precursor for estrogen in placenta
4. MC and most sp estogen in preg

A
  1. 17,20 lyase
  2. Steroid sulphatase, 3 beta HSD, Aromatase
  3. DHEAS
  4. Mc - E2: Most sp - E3
31
Q

PLACENTAL HORMONES
Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Others

A

PLACENTAL HORMONES
Hypothalamic GnRH,GHRH,TRH,CRH
Pituitary ACTH,GH
Others HCG,HPL, NEUROPEPTIDE Y, Inhibin, activin, PTH-P

32
Q

Source of amniotic fluid
<12 wks
12- 20 wks
>20wks

A

Source of amniotic fluid
<12 wks. MATERNAL PLASMA>FETAL SKIN
12- 20 wks FETAL URINE> MAT PLASMA> FETAL SKIN
>20wks FETAL URINE> MAT PLASMA

33
Q

CONSTITUENT OF AMNIOTIC FLUID

A

Water 98%
G 20
U 30
L 50
P 0.3

34
Q
  1. Mode of resorption of amniotic fluid
  2. Entirely replaced by
A
  1. Swallowing> trsnsmembranous exchange
  2. 3hrs
35
Q

Key events @ 12 wks IUL

A
  1. SWALLOWING
  2. BREATHING
  3. URINATION
  4. EXTERNAL GENITALIA COMPLETELY FORMED
36
Q

COULOR OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
Green
Yellow
Saffron
Red
Tobacco juice

A

COULOR OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
Green Meconium
Yellow Jaundcie
Saffron Postdated
Red Abruption
Tobacco juice IUD

37
Q

Volume of amniotic fluid max@

A

34WKS- 1000ML
12 wks 50ml
@term 800ml
43wks 200ml

38
Q

Normal AFI and SDP

A

AFI 5-25CM
SDP 2-8CM

39
Q

RENAL DEFECTS CAUSING POLYHYDRAMNIOS
MCC

A

PUJ obstruction
Barter syndrome
Mesoblastic nephroma

MCC Idiopathic

40
Q

Oligohydramnios
MCC
DRUGS CAUSING

A

Mcc PROM> Post dated
NSAIDS/ ACE -/ ARBS

41
Q

MGT OF
Sev oliohydramnios
Mild oligohydramnios

A

MGT OF
Sev oliohydramnios IOL immediately
Mild oligohydramnios IOL @ 37completed wks

Obstetrics For Neetpg (2 decks)

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