Basics

Question 1

Define:

Independant Variable

Answer 1

The variable(s) that are manipulated

Question 2

Define:

Dependant Variable

Answer 2

The measured outcome

Question 3

Define:

Population & Sample

Answer 3

Population: The complete group we want to generalise results for
Sample: Subsection of population that’re are being tested

Data from samples can be used to make inferneces about the population

Question 4

3 types of experimental design

Experimental design = the way ppts are allocated to groups

Answer 4

• Between Participants
• Within Participants
• Matched pairs

Question 5

Define:

Between groups

AKA independant measures design

Answer 5

When different participants are used for each condition

Question 6

define:

Within ppts

Answer 6

Every participant takes part in every condition

Question 7

Define:

Matched pairs

Answer 7

different ppts take part in each condition, but they’re are matched for demographics such as age and gender

Question 8

Advantages of:

Between Participants

Answer 8

Reduces order effects

order effects = effects that happen as a results of ppts repeating task, practice effects or fatigue effect

Question 9

Disadvantages:

Between Ppts

Answer 9

Participant variables could effect results

i.e. if all older participants were randomly allocated to one group

Question 10

Advantages:

Between ppts

Answer 10

Reduces risks of ppts varibles effecting results

Question 11

How do you

combat order effects

Answer 11

Counterbalance

Alternating or changing the order each ppt completes each condition

Question 12

Advantages

Matched pairs

Answer 12

Reduces ppt variables as ppts are matched for demographics

Question 13

Disadvantages

Matched Pairs

Answer 13

• More time consuming
• Loose 2 sets of data if 1 ppt drops out

Question 14

define:

Descriptive statistics

Answer 14

Stats used to organise and summerise a set of data

Question 15

Name 3

What are measures of centeral tendancy

Answer 15

Mean, median & mode

Question 16

Name 4

Measures of dispersal

Answer 16

• Range
• Standard Diviation
• Standard Error
• Confidence intervals

Question 17

Define:

Catagorical Data

Answer 17

Data that has no numeric value i.e. male or female

(use mode as measure of central tendancy)

Question 18

Define:

Ordinal data

Answer 18

presented in ranked order i.e place in a race

Differnces between scores are not consitent

Question 19

Define:

p-value

Answer 19

weather it was statistically signnficant

usually under 0.05

Question 20

what is type 1 error

Answer 20

sayig someting is significant when there is no effect

Question 21

how do we combat type 1 errors

Answer 21

replication of study

Question 22

Define:

Normal distribution

Answer 22

Scores are distrubuted symetrically either side of the mean

(Produces bell curve)

Question 23

Define:

Skewness

Answer 23

Measure of distrbution where if skewness = 0 then data is normally distributed