Basics Flashcards
what is mycology?
is the study of fungi & fungus disease
fungi types ?
- saprophytic
2.parasitic - commensals
differ fungi from other organisms ?
- fungi have eukaryotic cell structure
2.have rigid wall ( chitin & glucan )
3.cell membrane contain ergestrol
4.chemo hetrophes - majorty are obligate aerobes
cell wall of fungi composed of ?
glucan and chitin
cell membrane of fungi contains ?
ergsterols
fungi are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
eukaryotic
chemo trophes means ?
requires organic compounds for both carbon and energy sources
fungi can grow on (media)?
simple culture media
saprophytic fungi optimum temperature of growth?
(20-30 c )
parasitic fungus optimum temperature of growth ?
(30-37c)
TRUE OR FALSE ?
fungi grow rate is slower than bacteria
true
fungi reproduce by ?
both sexual and asexual
Anamorph
an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like.an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like.
Teleomorph
the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body
Holomorph
the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph
asexual reproduction methods ?
budding
fragmentation
more than …….. fungi species are known ?
200.000
more than ….. fungi species are responsible for human infection?
100 species
fungi classification (according to structure) ?
1.yeast
2. mold or filamentous fungi
3. dimorphic (have yeast and filamentous fungi)
yeasts are uni or multicellular?
unicellular
yeast size ?
3-15 mm
yeast reproduce ?
asexually by budding to form blastoconidia
definition of blastoconidia?
An asexual conidium that forms by a blowing out or budding process
ex : yeast
pseudohyphe ?
elongation of blastoconidia
what is an example of blastoconidia ?
yeasts such as : C albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
Pseudohyphae
resemble elongated yeast cells that remain attached to one another
a few pathogenic yeast form capsule
(emalple ) ?
Cryptococcus neoformans
moulds are ?
multicellular
( TRUE OR FALSE)
moulds forms hyphe
True
Hyphe are
long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus
(TRUE OR FALSE )
Hyphae are the tubular projections of multicellular fungi that form a filamentous network (mycelium )
True
mycelium are ?
mass of branching intertwind hyphe
the types of hyphe of many pathogenic moulds are ?
septate
aseptate
define septate and aseptate hyphe ?
septate : divided into cells by septa .
aseptate : without septa (ceocnocytic hyphhe) feature of zygomycetes .
ceocnocytic hyphe
Hyphae without septae (Aseptate hyphe)
mycelium types :
1.aerial mycelium
2. vegetative mycelium
what is the difference between vegetative and aerial mycelia?
The portion of the mycelium that anchors the mold and absorbs nutrients is called the vegetative mycelium ; the portion that produces asexual reproductive spores is termed the aerial mycelium.
sporangiospore
The asexual propagules that form inside a sporangium, which can be mostly spherical or cylindrical, through a process involving cleavage of the cytoplasm
rhizoids
root like structure
rhizoids located at ?
base of sporangiospore
or along the hyphe
dimorphism ?
Fungi that have the ability to exist in two forms depending on growth conditions.
dimohic shape of fungi
( according to temperature?)
Yeast /tissue phase – grows best at 37°C .
Mould phase – grows best at room temperature or 30°C
positive effect of fungi
Industrial uses of fungi :
-Natural food supply for wild animals.
-
Yeast as food supplement.
-Supplies vitamins.
- Fungi used to alter texture, improve flavor of natural and processed foods.
negative effect of fungi
1 -plant pathology .
2-human pathogens.
3- immunosuppressed patients increased ability to have fungal infections.
