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USMLE NEUROLOGY > BASICS > Flashcards

BASICS Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is glial cells, gliosis and gliomas?

A
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2
Q

Explain the action potential of neurons:

A

CORAZON O NEUROO (ES AL REVEZ)

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3
Q

What is the clinical relevance of astrocytes?

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4
Q

Importans of knowing the action potential of neurons:

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5
Q

Function of astrocytes:

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6
Q

Microglia function:

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7
Q

Something cool from microglia and HIV:

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8
Q

______________________ is the cell that is damage in multiple sclerosis

A

oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

___________________ the cells destroyed in guillian barre

A

Schawn cells

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10
Q

Function of free nerve endings:

A

NACIONALIDAD HONDUREÑA

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11
Q

Function of meissner corpuscles:

A

MEIS RUNNER DID THE MEIS TOUCHING!! CAUSE THEY ARE BLIND

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12
Q

Function of panician corpuscles:

A

PANINI. MUNDIAL 2022. MESSI VIBRANDO CON EL TRASERO MIENTRAS HACE PRESION A SUS COMPAÑEROS.

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13
Q

Function of merckel corpuscles:

A

HERSHEL FROM TWD IS PRESSURED BY MESSI AND POSITION IN THE GOAL KEEPER.

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14
Q

Area postrema?

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15
Q

OVLT function:

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16
Q

Name two brain structures without blood brain barrier:

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17
Q

Where is it synthetized and etiologies that lower or brings higher the norepinephrin?

A

Locus ceruleus

Lower: Depresion

Higher: Anxiety and opiods withdrawal

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18
Q

Where dopamine is synthetized and what lowers or increases it?

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19
Q

Where GABA is synthetized and what lowers or increase it?

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20
Q

What drugs activate the GABA pathway?

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21
Q

How to GABA receptor works?

A

Clorine in the cells hyperpolarizing it.

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22
Q

Explain synthesis of GABA

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23
Q

Where is serotonin synthetized and what lowers it?

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24
Q

What is the serotonin syndrome?

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25
Q

—————— tx for serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine. serotonin antagonist

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26
Q

Where is aceetylcholine syntethized and what lowers it?

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27
Q

What is glutamate? and what disease is associated?

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28
Q

Angel dust or __________

A

PCP

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29
Q

AA and humunculus explain:

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30
Q

Talk to me Brodman 8. Function and lesion

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31
Q

What happens when you damage your prefontal cortex?

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32
Q

What temporal lobe helps with?

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33
Q

What is the kluver Bucy syndroome?

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34
Q

What is macular sparring? Explain

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35
Q

Explain the espinothalamic tract:

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36
Q

Explain the dorsal column:

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37
Q
A
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38
Q

Explain the corticospinal tract:

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39
Q
A
40
Q

How to evaluate romberg? When is positive? What a positive test means?

A
41
Q

When gracilis? When cuneatus?

A

Hombre chineando una cuna!

42
Q
A
43
Q

DRAW MIDBRAIN

A
44
Q

What is benedikt syndrome?

A

PAPA BENEDICTO CON SU MANTO ROJO ESTARA PEREGRINANDO CON SANGRE A 3 LEMUS PERO SOBRE TODO EL MEDIAL

45
Q

What is weber syndrome?

A

SPIDER LE QUITA CON LA ARAÑA A LOS 3 LEMURES PARALITICOS

46
Q

What is the parinaud syndrome?

A

SPIDER PARIENDO UN HOMBRE CON LA MIRADA PARALISADA SUPERIORMENTE Y CON SIFILIS TERCIARIA.

47
Q

Explain medial pontine syndromes:

A
48
Q

Explain lateral pontine syndromes:

A
49
Q
A
50
Q

Explain medial medullary syndrome

A
51
Q

Explain lateral medullary syndrome?

A
52
Q

Rule of 4 explain

A
53
Q

What CN are in midbrain and their symptoms:

A
54
Q

What CN are in pons and their syntoms?

A
55
Q

What CN are in medulla and their symptoms?

A
56
Q

Medial strustures and their symptoms?

A
57
Q

Lateral structures and their symptoms:

A
58
Q

Caveats of the rule of 4

A
59
Q

What is presbicusis?

A

Age related hearing loss

Damage to corti organ

60
Q

When we have a conductive hearing loss?

A
61
Q

Explain what epley manuever is usefull for and procedure:

A
62
Q

What is meniere syndrome? Symptoms

A

Increase in endolinfa = hidrops

63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q

Thalamic nuclei explain. 5

A

TORTUGA MILEY

PIE DERECHO; ESPINA ENSARTADA
PIES IZQ: CARA DE MILEY Y SU LENGUA

MANO DERECHA: VISTA AZUL
MANO IZQ: AL IDO SUSURRAN LIAM Y ENGAÑO

CABEZA MOTORA

66
Q

Thalamic syndrome? cause and symptoms:

A
67
Q

Hypothalamic areas and its function;

A
68
Q

What interleukenes are responsible for fever?

A

1,6 and TNF

69
Q

What leptin does?

A

gulates the hypothalamus food intake

70
Q

Hipocampus function:

A

anterograde memory

71
Q

WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYMPTOMS:

A
72
Q

What does the banana bag brings?

A
  1. Thiamine 2. A. folic 3. Magnesium
73
Q

Name the deep nuclei and where they communicate?

A
74
Q
A
75
Q

Romerg and cerebellar ataxia

A
76
Q

3 common symptoms of cerebellar lesions

A
77
Q
A
78
Q

Irrigation of cerebellum

A
79
Q

Friedrich ataxia explain

A
80
Q

Name the basal ganglia structures:

A
81
Q
A
82
Q

What is the rule of the pupil?

A
83
Q

Function of the basal ganglia?

A

Inh the thalamus to prevent involuntary movement

84
Q

Diseases related to mal function of basal ganglia;

A

BAILE GARIFUNA

ABUELA DE ARIEL (PARKINSON) CASADA CON UN NEGRO (SUSTANCIA NEGRA)

LA MODELO HUNTINGTON SOLA CON UN VESTIDO BLANCO CON ESTRIAS ROJAS (ESTRATIUM)

WILSON () LLEGA A LA FIESTA ACOMPANADO CON UN GLOBO BLANCO (GLOBO PALIDO) CON CARA PINTADA

CANIBALISM (HEMIBALISM) EN UN SUBMARINO (SUBTHALAMIC) A PARAR LA FIESTA

85
Q

_________________ Is the pathologic hallmark of parkinson disease

A

Lewy body

86
Q

What is bradykinesia and what disease presents it?

A

CAN INITIATE MOVEMENT

PARKINSON

87
Q

Huntington disease and neurotransmisor afected?

A

GABA

88
Q

What can we see in huntington diease in imaging?

A

Enlarge ventricles

89
Q

Huntington gene mutation is in ___

A

HTT

90
Q

Explain what excito-toxicity from glutamate? What disease is associated?

A

Glutamates produces excess influx of calcium to the cell causing death

Huntington diseas

91
Q

Huntington disease symptoms?

A
92
Q

What is hemibalism?

A
93
Q

Causes of wilson disease? and symptoms?

A
94
Q
A
95
Q

Essential tremor explain?

A

USMLE NEUROLOGY (4 decks)

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