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basics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In Primary level of organization

(in protein structure) what is the:

Basis of structure and

Kinds of bonds and interaction

A

Amino acid sequence

Covalent peptide bonds

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1
Q

In QUATERNARY level of organization

(in protein structure) what is the:

Basis of structure and

Kinds of bonds and interaction

A

Association of 2 or more folded polypeptide to form a multimeric protein

Disulfide bond, H-bond, Ionic bond, Van der Waals interaction, hydrophobic interaction

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1
Q
A

Adenine

Purine

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2
Q
A
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2
Q
A
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2
Q
A

glycine (Gly)

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2
Q
A

Proline (Pro)

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2
Q
A

Cysteine (Cys)

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2
Q

Amino acids

that are Hydroxylated in mature collagen (2)

A

Proline

Lysine

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3
Q
A

Asparagine (Asn)

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3
Q

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

A

Components of spliceosomes involved with mRNA splicing

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4
Q

What Disaccharide?

A

Maltose

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4
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

No double bonds

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5
Q

type of glycosidic bond in lactose

A

beta glycosidic bond

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6
Q
A

Lysine (Lys)

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7
Q

Terpenes

A

Formed from Isoprene

(Also called isoprenoids)

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9
Q
A

Aspartate (Asp)

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10
Q

Amino Acids:

Phosphorylation, O-linked glycosylation

A

Serine

Threonine

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10
Q

found in plants (starch)

alphs (1->4) bonds

Branched every 12-25 glucose units via a (1->6) bonds
side chain about 20-25 glucoses long

A

Amylopectin

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11
Q
A

Glutamate (Glu)

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11
Q

Type of glycosidic bond in

Maltose and sucrose

A

Alpha glycosidic bond

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12
Q

found in animal cells and some bacteria

Primary alpha (1->4) bonds

Highly branched every 8-10 glucose units via alpha (1->6) bonds

side chain about 8-12 glucoses long

A

Glycogen

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13
Q
A

Thymine

Pirimidines

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14
Q

found in plants bonds
beta (1->4) bonds
unbranched

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

What Disaccharide?

A

Sucrose

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16
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA: Storage of genetic information

RNA: Expression of genetic information, catalysts

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17
Q
A

Uracil

Pyrimidine

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18
Q

Amino Acid:

N-linked glycosylation

A

Asparagine

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19
Q

Fatty Acids

A

the Major Lipids of the Human Body

Building Blocks of Several Classes of Lipids

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20
Q
A

Tyrosine (Tyr)

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21
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A
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23
Q

What Disaccharide?

A

Lactose

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24
Q
A

Methionine (Met)

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25
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

Carries information for the production of polypeptides

27
Q
A

Glutamine (Gln)

28
Q
A
28
Q

In SECONDARY level of organization

(in protein structure) what is the:

Basis of structure and

Kinds of bonds and interaction

A

Folding: alpha helix and beta sheet or randome coil

Hydrogen bond

29
Q

Steroids

A

Lipids with a Variety of Functions,

Including Signaling

31
Q
A

Alanine (Ala)

33
Q

MicroRNA (miRNA)

A

regulatory RNAs involved with gene expression control

34
Q

Amino Acid that

forms disulfide bonds

A

Cysteine

35
Q

What is it

A

Nucleotide

37
Q

Transcription

A

Producing an RNA copy from a DNA template

37
Q

sugar in ATP?

A
38
Q
A

Guanine

Purine

39
Q

Base in ATP?

A
41
Q

Glycolipids

A

Specialized Membrane Components

Important for Cell-Cell Recognition

and Communication

42
Q
A
43
Q
A

Valine (Val)

44
Q

Amino Acid:

Phosphorylation

A

Tyrosine

46
Q

Phospholipids

A

Important in Membrane Structure and

Cell Signaling Pathways

47
Q
A
49
Q
A

Cytosine

Pyrimidine

50
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

involved with protein synthesis; tRNAs carry amino acids and transfer these to the growing polymer

51
Q
A

Isoleucine (Ile)

52
Q

pyrimidines

A
53
Q
A

phospholipid

54
Q

found in plants (starch)
alpha (1->4) bonds
unbranched

A

Amylose

55
Q

Triacylglycerols

A

3 fatty acids + glicerol

Storage Lipids

56
Q
A

Tryptophan (trp)

57
Q

Translation

A

Producing a polypeptide using mRNA as a template

58
Q

Simplest amino acid,

found in every 3rd position in collagen

A

Glycine

59
Q

What are the Interactions?

Important for Protein Folding

A
60
Q
A

Threonine (Thr)

61
Q

Wht is a Nucleic Acid

Monomers and polymers?

A

linear polymers of nucleotides

Monomers are Nucleotides
The Polymers are DNA and RNA

63
Q

Importance of Water

A

Polar
Cohesive (H-bonds)
High Temp-stabilizing Capacity (1 cal/mol/C)
Excellent Solvent

64
Q

Vitamin A, Carotenoid pigments,

Dolichols & Coenzyme Q

A

Examples of Terpenes

66
Q

structural polysaccharide?

A

N-acetilglucosamine (GlcNAc)

67
Q

on what depends the Polysaccharide Structure

A

kinds of Glycosidic Bonds involved

68
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

Integral components of ribosomes

69
Q

6 Major Types of Lipids

A

Fatty Acids
Triacylglycerols
Phospholipids
GlycolipidsI
Steroids
Terpenes

70
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Has double bonds
Kinked shape

71
Q

Adenosine monophosephate AMP

A
73
Q

In TERTIARY level of organization

(in protein structure) what is the:

Basis of structure and

Kinds of bonds and interaction

A

3-D folding of a single polypeptide chain

Disulfide bond, H-bond, Ionic bond, Van der Waals interaction, hydrophobic interaction

74
Q
A

Leucine (Leu)

75
Q

purines

A
76
Q

Amino Acid:

Vitamin K dependent carboxylation

A

Glutamic acid

77
Q
A

Phenylalanine (Phe)

78
Q

Adenosine

A
79
Q

When OH and When H is a?

A
80
Q
A

Histidine (His)

82
Q
A

Argenine (Arg)

83
Q
A

phospholipid

84
Q
A

Serine (Ser)

Cell bio (3 decks)

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