Basics

Question 1

• In the middle ages how were children viewed and how did that change at the age of 7

Answer 1

○ In the middle ages they were viewed as innately evil
○ The age of 7 was considered the age of reason and they wer expected to work alongside adults

Question 2

• How did john locke view children

Answer 2

○ He viewed them as blank slates
- Tabula rasa
○ These slates are written on by experience

Question 3

• Did john locke believe we had an inborn redisposition toward good or evil

Answer 3

no

Question 4

• What did john lock focus on

Answer 4

○ The role of the environment or experience

Question 5

• What did john locke believe were powerful shapers of behaviour

Answer 5

○ Social approval and disaproval

Question 6

• How did jean-jacques rousseau view kids

Answer 6

○ Inherently good
- If allowed to express themselves they would turn onto good
people

Question 7

• How was family defined during the industrial revolution

Answer 7

○ Mother father and children
- No extended family

Question 8

• How did the view of children change during the industrial revolution

Answer 8

○ Childhood was seen as a part of life
○ They weren’t evil they were just enduring childhood

Question 9

• Define Developmental psychology

Answer 9

○ It is the biological, psychological and socio-cultural study of development across a lifespan
○ It examins progressive challanges and changes someone might experience throughout their life
- This is prompted by maturation and learning processes

Question 10

• John B watson came up with what theory and agreed with who when it came to child development

Answer 10

○ He was the founder of north american behaviourism
- A learning theory
○ He agreed with locke that kids were blank slates and where shaped by experiences

Question 11

• What is nature vs nurture

Answer 11

○ It is a long standing debate concerning how a child develops and whether it is how they are treated and raised or if it is just how we are born

Question 12

• Does watson believe in nature or nurture

Answer 12

○ He believes in nurture

Question 13

• What did Arnold Gesell believe in

Bonus: define maturation

Answer 13

○ He believed in maturation was the main reason for development

bonus: the unfolding of genetically determined traits, structures, and function

Question 14

• How did Gesell and Watson’s views differ on development

Answer 14

○ Gesell focused on physical development of children
○ Watson focused on behavioral development

Question 15

• Define psychosexual development

Answer 15

○ The process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development

Question 16

• Define stage theory

Answer 16

○ A theory of development characterized by distinct periods of life

Question 17

• What did Freud and Erikson both propose

Answer 17

○ They both believed that children’s early experiences during their formative years affected both their emotional and social development for the rest of their lives

Question 18

• What are the three parts of personality and what are their traits

Bonus: define defense mechanism

Answer 18

○ ID
- Present at birth
- Unconscious
- Its your wants/drives/demands
- Instant gratification
- crying to get what they want
○ Ego
- Conscious sense of self
- Begins when kids learn to obtain gratification consciously
- Without screaming or crying
- Makes sure we get what we want in a manner that is socially
acceptable
bonus: A method to reduce anxiety when the id and superego are too demanding
- Keeps certain knowledge from our conscious self
○ Superego
- Develops in infancy and early childhood
- Bring in morals from our peers and important figure

Question 19

• What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development, tell me a little bit about them

Bonus 1: define oedipal complex

Bonus 2: define Electra complex

Answer 19

○ Oral
- The mouth
- Sucking swallowing
- Can cause nail-biting or smoking if fixated on
○ Anal
- Withholding or expelling feces
- Can cause perfectionism (anal retentive)
- Can cause expulsive traits (sloppiness)
○ Phallic
- Masturbation
- Can cause arguments among child and parent
- View certain sexs with more or less attachment
- Liking opposite sex parent more
- At the end of this stage the child no longer have a strong
attachment to opposite sex parent and relate with same sex parent
more

bonus 1: A boys hate for father and love for mother
bonus 2: A love for her father and a dislike of her mother

○ Latency
- No sexual motivation
- Enter this at age 5 or 6
- Turn to school and play with same sex children
○ Genital
- Sexual intercourse
- Starts with puberty
- Desire sexual relations with a partner
- Being gay or lesbien was just a fixation on one of the 5 stages
○ Note: if a child receives to much or to little of any of these they can become fixated on them

Question 20

• How does eriksons theory differ from freuds

Answer 20

○ They are pretty similar however eriksons include adult years and focuses on social relationships instead of unconscious motivations such as sexuality and aggression
○ He still believes in emotional and psychological traits