Basics Flashcards
- In the middle ages how were children viewed and how did that change at the age of 7
○ In the middle ages they were viewed as innately evil
○ The age of 7 was considered the age of reason and they wer expected to work alongside adults
- How did john locke view children
○ He viewed them as blank slates
- Tabula rasa
○ These slates are written on by experience
- Did john locke believe we had an inborn redisposition toward good or evil
no
- What did john lock focus on
○ The role of the environment or experience
- What did john locke believe were powerful shapers of behaviour
○ Social approval and disaproval
- How did jean-jacques rousseau view kids
○ Inherently good
- If allowed to express themselves they would turn onto good
people
- How was family defined during the industrial revolution
○ Mother father and children
- No extended family
- How did the view of children change during the industrial revolution
○ Childhood was seen as a part of life
○ They weren’t evil they were just enduring childhood
- Define Developmental psychology
○ It is the biological, psychological and socio-cultural study of development across a lifespan
○ It examins progressive challanges and changes someone might experience throughout their life
- This is prompted by maturation and learning processes
- John B watson came up with what theory and agreed with who when it came to child development
○ He was the founder of north american behaviourism
- A learning theory
○ He agreed with locke that kids were blank slates and where shaped by experiences
- What is nature vs nurture
○ It is a long standing debate concerning how a child develops and whether it is how they are treated and raised or if it is just how we are born
- Does watson believe in nature or nurture
○ He believes in nurture
- What did Arnold Gesell believe in
Bonus: define maturation
○ He believed in maturation was the main reason for development
bonus: the unfolding of genetically determined traits, structures, and function
- How did Gesell and Watson’s views differ on development
○ Gesell focused on physical development of children
○ Watson focused on behavioral development
- Define psychosexual development
○ The process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development
- Define stage theory
○ A theory of development characterized by distinct periods of life
- What did Freud and Erikson both propose
○ They both believed that children’s early experiences during their formative years affected both their emotional and social development for the rest of their lives
- What are the three parts of personality and what are their traits
Bonus: define defense mechanism
○ ID
- Present at birth
- Unconscious
- Its your wants/drives/demands
- Instant gratification
- crying to get what they want
○ Ego
- Conscious sense of self
- Begins when kids learn to obtain gratification consciously
- Without screaming or crying
- Makes sure we get what we want in a manner that is socially
acceptable
bonus: A method to reduce anxiety when the id and superego are too demanding
- Keeps certain knowledge from our conscious self
○ Superego
- Develops in infancy and early childhood
- Bring in morals from our peers and important figure
- What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development, tell me a little bit about them
Bonus 1: define oedipal complex
Bonus 2: define Electra complex
○ Oral
- The mouth
- Sucking swallowing
- Can cause nail-biting or smoking if fixated on
○ Anal
- Withholding or expelling feces
- Can cause perfectionism (anal retentive)
- Can cause expulsive traits (sloppiness)
○ Phallic
- Masturbation
- Can cause arguments among child and parent
- View certain sexs with more or less attachment
- Liking opposite sex parent more
- At the end of this stage the child no longer have a strong
attachment to opposite sex parent and relate with same sex parent
more
bonus 1: A boys hate for father and love for mother
bonus 2: A love for her father and a dislike of her mother
○ Latency
- No sexual motivation
- Enter this at age 5 or 6
- Turn to school and play with same sex children
○ Genital
- Sexual intercourse
- Starts with puberty
- Desire sexual relations with a partner
- Being gay or lesbien was just a fixation on one of the 5 stages
○ Note: if a child receives to much or to little of any of these they can become fixated on them
- How does eriksons theory differ from freuds
○ They are pretty similar however eriksons include adult years and focuses on social relationships instead of unconscious motivations such as sexuality and aggression
○ He still believes in emotional and psychological traits
