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CDM AWS CP cert prep > basics > Flashcards

basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of:
o compute power
o db storage
o applications
o other IT resources

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2
Q

5 characteristics of cloud computing

A
  1. On demand and self service.
  2. Broad network access. Can be accessed by diverse client platforms.
    1. Multi-tenancy and resource pooling. Multiple customers can share the same infrastructure and applications with security and privacy. Serviced from the same physical resources. I share physical resources with other customers.
  3. Rapid elasticity and scalability.
  4. Measured service. Pay as you go.
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3
Q

6 advantages of cloud computing

A
  1. Trade capital expense (CAPEX) for operational expense (OPEX)
  2. Benefit from massive economies of scale.
  3. Stop guessing capacity.
  4. Increase speed and agility
  5. Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers
  6. Go global in minutes.
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4
Q

6 problems solved by the cloud

A
  • Flexibility
  • Cost-effectivess
  • Scalability
  • Elasticity
  • High availability
  • Agility
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5
Q

Types of cloud computing: IaaS

A

Infrastructure as a Service

For: Administrators who want to manage:

  • OS installation
  • provisioning
  • configuring

Customer doesn’t have to worry about:

  • IT staff
  • data centers
  • hardware

Examples: AWS, etc.

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6
Q

Types of cloud computing: PaaS

A

Platform as a Service

For: Developers who want to manage:

  • Installing their apps

Customer doesn’t have to worry about:

  • Provisioning
  • Configuring
  • Understanding HW or OS.

Examples: Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Google App Engine

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7
Q

Types of cloud computing: SaaS

A

Software as a Service

For: Customers who want to manage:

  • Using someones apps

Customer doesn’t have to worry about:

  • How service is maintained. It just works.

Examples: Gmail, Ofice 365

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8
Q

Types of cloud computing: AWS (and other) examples

A

IaaS

  • AWS: Amazon EC2
  • Other: GCP, Azure, Rackspace, Digital Ocean, Linode
  • PaaS:
    • AWS: Elastic Beanstalk
    • Other: Heroku, Google App Engine, Windows Azure
  • SaaS:
    • AWS: Rekognition, many others
    • Other: Google Apps, Dropbox, Zoom…
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9
Q

Cloud pricing: overview 3 things you get changed for

A

3 fundamentals:

  • Compute: pay for compute time
  • Storage: pay for data stored on the cloud
  • Traffic: pay for data going OUT of the cloud (not IN).
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10
Q

AWS Regions

A
  • Regions are all around the world
  • Named: us-east-1, eu-west-3, …
  • 1 region has many clusters
  • Most AWS services are region-scoped.
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11
Q

Factors in selecting an AWS Region

A
  • Compliance
  • Proximity (latency for customers)
  • Available services in a specific region
  • Pricing can vary by region
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12
Q

AWS Availability Zones

A
  • 2-6 availability zones per region. Avg 3. EG, for Sydney (ap-southeast-2) the availability zones are ap-southeast-2[abc].
  • Each AZ is one or more discrete data centers with redundant power, networking, and connectivity.
  • AZs are separate from eachother (disaster in one does not impact the others).
  • AZs are connected with high bandwidth ultra-low latency networking.
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13
Q

AWS Points of Presence (Edge Locations)

A
  • Amazon has 216 Points of Presence (205 Edge Locations and 11 Regional Caches) in 84 cities across 42 countries.
  • Content delivered with lower latency.
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14
Q

Cloud Service Provider (CSP) vs Cloud Platform

A

CSP has all the following. Cloud Platform has some:

  • Provides tens to hundreds of Cloud Services. Those services:
    • Can be chained together.
    • are accessible via a single unified API
    • use metered billing
    • have rich monitoring built in.
    • Have an IaaS offering
    • offer automation via Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
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15
Q

Landscape of CSPs (3 tiers)

A

Tier 1 (top). Early to market: AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Alibaba Cloud (China).

Tier 2 (mid): Slower to innovate. Now specialized: IBM Cloud, Oracle Cloud, Rackspace (OpenStack)

Tier 3 (light): Virtual Private Servers (VPS) offer IaaS. Simple, cost effective. Vultr, Digital Ocean, Linode.

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16
Q

4 core services offered by CSP

A
  • Compute: EC2 VMs
  • Storage: EBS virtual hard drives
  • Database (RDS SQL databases)
  • Networking: VPC Private Cloud Network
17
Q

Other technologies besides the 4 core ones

A

Analytics, Application Integration, AR and VR, AWS Cost Management, Blockchain, Business Applications, Containers, Customer ENgagement, Developer Tools, End User Computing, Game Tech, IoT, Machine Learning, Management & Governance, Media Services, Migration & Transfer, Mobile, Quantum Technologies, Robotics, Satellites, Security - Identity - Compliance

18
Q

Evolution of computing trajectory (Dedicated ==> Functions)

A

Dedicated ==> VMs ==> Containers ==> Functions

19
Q

Evolution of Computing: Dedicated

A
  • I own the physical server.
  • Stuck with size, capacity, OS.
  • Apps not isolated.
  • Security up to me.
20
Q

Evolution of Computing: VMs

A
  • Hypervisor provides me VMs. I can share the cost of the physical system.
  • Still stuck with specific resources (RAM, etc).
  • Limited by OS.
  • Multi-app conflicts can still exist within the VMs.
21
Q

Evolution of Computing: Containers

A
  • Easily resizable
  • Apps each get their own container. No resource conflicts.
  • Maintaining containers adds complexity over VMs.
22
Q

Evolution of Computing: Functions

A
  • Serveless Compute.
  • I run Ruby/Python. I don’t care about underlying OS.
  • I’m only responsible for code and data.
  • Very cost effective
  • cold-start can be slow.
23
Q

Amazon’s original 6 Benefits of Cloud Computing

A
  1. Increase speed and agility
  2. Trade capital expense for variable expense
  3. Benefit from massive economies of scale
  4. Go global in minutes
  5. Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers
  6. Benefit from massive economies of scale
24
Q

Amazon’s latest BENEFITS OF CLOUD listing

A
  • Agility (need something new? You got it!)
  • Pay-as-you-go pricing
  • Economies of scale
  • Global Reach (can launch anywhere in the world)
  • Security (EG latest OS patches)
  • Reliability: fault tolerance
  • Reliability: data replication
  • Reliability: data backups
  • Reliability: disaster recovery
  • Scalability (need more or less of what you’ve got? You’ve got it!)
  • Elasticity (want to automate the scalability? You’ve got it!)
25
Q

Global Infrastructure: Regions

A

There are 27 active (launched) regions.

Cost = f(region)

Regions all have independent location, power, water supply.

Regions contain 1 or more Availability Zones. Usually 3.

Special Region: US-East-1 (Northern Virginia launched 2006).

  • lots of stuff only available here.
  • New stuff often first available here.
  • Billing is always in US-East-1
26
Q

Global Infrastructure: Regions: 4 factors in choseing a region.

A
  1. What Regulatory Compliance does this region meet?
  2. What is the cost of AWS services in this region?
  3. What services are available in this region?
  4. What is the distance (latency) to my end-users?

CDM AWS CP cert prep (3 decks)

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