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Pre-algebra and basic math > basics > Flashcards

basics Flashcards

1
Q

number sequences

give an example

A

numbers arranged according to a rule

even by 2:2 4 6 8

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2
Q

even numbers

A

numbers that divide evenly

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3
Q

odd numbers

A

numbers that divide evenly with a remainder of one

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4
Q

square numbers

A

multiply a number by itself gives square numbers

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5
Q

composite numbers

A

numbers that can be arranged in at least two rows and two columns

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6
Q

prime numbers

list the first seven prime numbers

A

numbers that cannot be boxed

3 5 7 11 13 17 19

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7
Q

exponents

A

also called powers, multiplies a number by itself a given number (the exponent) of times

24=16

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8
Q

the numberline

A

used to represent a sequence of numbers

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9
Q

zero

A

referred to as the empty set

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10
Q

multiples

A

the results of multiplication

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11
Q
  1. fractions
  2. what property of numbers do fractions allow for?
  3. what is the name of this property?
A
  1. the numbers in between other whole numbers
  2. in between fractions exists more fractions
  3. this property is called the density of numbers
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12
Q

sets

A

groups of numbers

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13
Q

4 important sets

A
  1. counting numbers
  2. intergers
  3. rational numbers
  4. real numbers
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14
Q

the counting numbers set

A

a.k.a natural numbers because they arrise naturally from observing the world

closed under multiplication and division

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15
Q

what does it mean when a set is closed under an operation?

A

if you perform the stated operation on a number from the set with another number from the same set, you will always get another number from that same set

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16
Q

intergers

A
  1. encompasses zero, negative numbers, natural numbers
  2. closed under multiplication, addition and subtraction
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17
Q

rational numbers

A
  1. include intergers and fractions
  2. closed under multiplication, division, addition and subtraction
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18
Q

real numbers

A
  1. composed of rational and irrational numbers
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19
Q

irrational numbers

A
  1. neither whole nor fractions
  2. can only be written as non repeating decimals that do not fall into any pattern of number repetitions
  3. PI is an irrational number
20
Q

digit

A

single numerical symbols from zero to nine

21
Q

numbers

A

a single digit or a string of digits

22
Q

place value

A

each digit in a number is 10 times greater than the number to its right

23
Q

what number acts as a place holder?

when is a place holder significant?

A
  1. zero
  2. zero’s appearing to the right of a number add value and are significant
24
Q

what is a leading zero?

A

zero’s to the left of a number which can be dropped

25
Q

and

A

in math represents a decimal point

26
Q

what is the special symbol for approximations?

A

≈

27
Q

addition

A
  1. result: sum
  2. first and second: addends
28
Q

multiplication

A
  1. result: product
  2. factors are multiplied
    a. first: multiplicand; second: multiplyer
29
Q

division

A
  1. result: quotient
  2. first: dividend; second: divisor
30
Q

subtraction

A
  1. result: difference
  2. first: subtrahend second: minvend
31
Q

inverse

give examples

A

operations that undo what another operation does

  1. addition and subtraction are inverse
  2. multiplication and division are inverse
32
Q

commutative operations

A

allow for switching number order around without changing the results

multiplication and addition are commutative

33
Q

associative operations

A

allows for grouping numbers differently without changing the results

addition and multiplication

34
Q

distributive property

A

allows for splitting large multiplication problems into smaller ones

35
Q

adding and subtracting negatives

A
  1. adding negatives results in a lower negative number
    - 10+-10=-20
  2. subtracting negative numbers: the two negative signs cancel each other out
36
Q

multiplication and division with negative numbers

A
  1. same signed numbers result in positive numbers
  2. opposite signs result in negatives
37
Q

unit

A
  1. anything that can be counted
    a. units must be identical to be added and subtracted
    b. units can be multiplied and divided by numbers only if the units are objects and not abstacts
38
Q

exponents

A

shorthand for repeated multiplication of a number

  1. base numbers are the numbers being multiplied
  2. exponents are the number of times the number is to be multiplied
39
Q

squared numbers

A

base numbers raised to the 2’nd power or

x2

40
Q

roots

A

the inverse operations of exponents

finding the square root of a number is the most common root operation:

use of the radical symbolizes a square root operation

41
Q

absolute value

A

the positve value of any number

I-6I=6

shows how many numbers any given number is away from zero

42
Q

equation

A

is a statement with an equal sign that signifies two things have the same value

two basic types: arithmetic and algebraic

43
Q

two properties of equality

A
  1. reflexivity everything is equal to itself
  2. symmetry allows switching around the order in which things are equal
44
Q

expression

A

string of mathematical symbols that can be placed on either side of an equation

45
Q

evaluation

A

solving

act of finding the value of an expression

allows taking an expression and turning it into an equation with an equal sign

46
Q

order of operations

A

evaluate an expression from left to right in this order:

  1. parenthesis
  2. exponents
  3. multiplication and division
  4. addition and subtraction
47
Q
A

Pre-algebra and basic math (2 decks)

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