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EKG > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior Leads

A

II, III, aVF

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2
Q

High Lateral Leads

A

I, aVL

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3
Q

Anterior Leads

A

V3-V4

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4
Q

Posterior Leads

A

None

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5
Q

Reciprocal of II, III, aVF

A

I, aVL

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6
Q

Reciprocal of V1-V4

A

None

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7
Q

Reciprocal of I, aVR

A

II, III, aVF

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8
Q

Lead I angle

A

0

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9
Q

Lead II angle

A

+60 deg

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10
Q

Lead III angle

A

+120 deg

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11
Q

Lead aVL angle

A

-30 deg

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12
Q

Lead aVF angle

A

+90 deg

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13
Q

Lead aVR angle

A

-150 deg

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14
Q

Normal qRS complex width

A

80-90 ms (anything under 100 ms OK, >120 ms considered wide complex)

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15
Q

Occluded Vessel MI in Lead II, III, aVF

A

Posterior Descending Artery (predominately supplied either from Right coronary in ~80% of people or Left circumflex in ~20 % of people)

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16
Q

Atrial Diastole portion of EKG

A

QT interval (from beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave)

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17
Q

Ventricular Systole portion of EKG

A

QT interval (from beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave)

18
Q

Ventricular Diastole portion of EKG

A

PR interval (from beginning of P to beginning of QRS)

19
Q

AV nodal pause portion of EKG

A

PR segment (from end of P to beginning of QRS complex)

20
Q

What determines amplitude of EKG waves?

A

Mass of moving segment+ direction of electrical signal (hence higher in LVH)

21
Q

Normal PR interval

A

120-200 ms

22
Q

How does myocardial cell membrane generate negative charge (polarized state)

A

2 potassiums in, 3 sodiums out with Na+-K+-ATPase pump (net -1), as well as rapid acting voltage gated channels allowing massive influx

23
Q

Normal axis

A

-15 deg to +75 deg

24
Q

Appropriate range of separation for T axis vs QRS axis

A

Within 70 deg of one another–> indicates coordinated ventricular depolarization and repolarization

25
Q

Apical Lateral Leads

A

V5-V6

26
Q

Anteroseptal Leads

A

V1-V2

27
Q

Lead w/ best view of right ventricle in adult?

A

V1

28
Q

Signs of MI

A

Any or all of the following:

  1. ) Pathological Q Waves (>/= 25% of R wave amplitude)
  2. ) ST-T elevation (“current of injury”)
  3. ) T wave inversion (“ischemia”)

WITH the following changes in reciprocal leads (any or all of the below):

  1. ) Increased height of R wave
  2. ) ST-T depression
  3. ) Tall, symmetrical T waves
29
Q

EKG Signs of MI

A

Any or all of the following:

  1. ) Pathological Q Waves (>/= 25% of R wave amplitude)
  2. ) ST-T elevation (“current of injury”)
  3. ) T wave inversion (“ischemia”)

WITH the following changes in reciprocal leads (any or all of the below):

  1. ) Increased height of R wave
  2. ) ST-T depression
  3. ) Tall, symmetrical T waves
30
Q

Early Repolarization EKG appearance

A

When QRS complex does not drop all the way to isoelectric line, but has “early” T wave, but without reciprocal changes (can be mistaken for STEMI otherwise)

31
Q

Right atrial abnormality EKG appearance

A

P waves found consistently across limb leads that are not <2.5 mm in amplitude or <100 ms in length–> can be biphasic, or many other appearances, but right atrium specific to limb leads.

32
Q

Left atrial abnormality EKG appearance

A

P waves found consistently across precordial leads that are not <2.5 mm in amplitude or <100 ms in length–> can be biphasic, or many other appearances, but left atrium specific to precordial leads.

33
Q

Junctional Rhythm EKG appearance

A

No P Waves–> pacing occurs through AV node rather than SA node

34
Q

Significance of Wide Complex QRS

A

Ventricular Pacing

35
Q

Damaged chamber MI in Leads II, III, aVF

A

Right Ventricle

36
Q

Occluded Vessel MI in Leads V1-V4

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery

37
Q

Damaged chamber MI in Leads V1-V4

A

Left Ventricle

38
Q

Occluded Vessel MI in Leads V1-V2

A

Septal branch of Left Anterior Descending Artery

39
Q

Damaged chamber MI in Leads V1-V4

A

Septum separating RV and LV (septum tissue is predominately LV)

40
Q

Occluded Vessel MI in Leads I, V5-V6

A

Left Circumflex Artery

41
Q

Damaged Chamber MI in Leads I, V5-V6

A

Lateral wall of Left Ventricle

EKG (1 decks)

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