Basic2 Flashcards
Define movement area?
That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s)
Define apron
A defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accomodate aircraft for the purpose of loading unloading passengers, mail or cargo, refueling, parking or maintenance
Define manoeuvring area
That part pf the aerodrome to be used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
Define landing area
That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft.
Define taxi circuit
The designated path for aircraft on the manoeuvring area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind situation
Define aerodrome traffic circuit
The specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome
List the positions of aircraft in the traffic and taxi circuit
- parking position
- holding point
- take-off position
- downwind
- base
- final
- turn-off position
List criteria to designate the rwy in use
- wind
- rwy length
- rwy capacity
- approach, departure and landing aids
- adjecent aerodromes
- traffic conditions
- traffic circuit
- noise abatement
- weather effects
List which airspaces shall a flight avoid in controlled airspace
- the boundary of the controller’s area of responsibitiy
- danger areas
- restricted areas
- night low flying system (NLFS)
- special activity areas
List vertical separations
1000 ft at below FL290
1000 ft for RVSM approved at FL290 to FL410
2000 ft at FL290 to FL410 for non-RVSM equipped acft, formation flights, acft with unservicable RVSM equipment
2000 ft for flights above FL410
RADAR
RAdio Detection And Ranging
RDPS
Radar Data Processing System
List the tasks for using a radar
- to provide separation
- to monitor and vector acft
- to maintain an expeditious flow of air traffic
- to assist pilots in circumnavigating areas of adverse weather
- to assist pilots with navigational difficulties
- to issue traffic information
- to aid pilots in special situations
Describe mode 3/A SSR
Provides a 4-digit octal identification code for the aircraft, assigned by the ATC
Describe mode C SSR
Provides 4-digit code for aircraft’s pressure altitude
Squawk 7000
Civil VFR
Squawk 0033
Military VFR from GND to FL100
Squawk 0025
Acft droping parachutists
Squawk 7500
Hijack
Squawk 7600
Loss of communication/radio failure
Squawk 7700
Emergency
Squawk 2000
Used by flight crews in the absence of any ATC instructions or regional agreements.
List types of separation
Longitudinal (based on time, based on distance)
Lateral (track, geographical)
Describe longitudinal separation based on time
Same, opposite and crossing traffic=10 min rule.
Departure= 2 min if 40kt or faster, 1 min if flights diverging more than 45 deg, less than 1 min if rwys diverging by 45 deg.
Wake turbulence= LM-J 3 min all other 2 min
Describe longitudinal separation based on distance
Same track, level and speed or crossing at same level= 20 NM
All other= 10 NM
Traffic information types
Crossing, overtaking, opposite, closing
Traffic info level and speed
Level: if verified stated as seen, if not “not confirmed”, if no level si observed “no level information”
Speed: “fast moving” (250 kt ), nothing if speed is between 150 kt and 249 kt
List the methods of the identification using SSR
- Recognition of the aircraft identification in a label
- Recognition of an assigned discrete code in a label, the setting of which has been verified
- Observation of compliance with an instruction to set or change a specific code
- Observation of compliance with an instruction to squawk IDENT
- Transfer of identification
List the methods of the identification using PSR
- Departing aircraft method
- Position report
- Radial and arc from a navigation aid
- Turn method
- Transfer of identification
- Direction finding
Definition Minimum Vectoring Altitude
Lowest altitude within controlled airspace which may be used for the vectoring of IFR flights, taking into account the minimum safe height and airspace structure within a specific area
What is the minimum safe height provided by the MVA?
1000 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 8 km and a 500 ft buffer to the lower limit of controlled airspace
Issuing traffic information
- A short description of the target concerned
- Azimuth from the target in terms of the 12-hour clock
- Distance from the target
- General direction in which the target is proceeding
- other information known or recognisable
List transmission of information
general information - disseminated as aeronautical broadcasts
specific information - disseminated in individual cases
traffic information - both accepted and disseminated
List aeronautical broadcasts
SIGMET and AIRMET
ATIS
Hazards and restrictions to air traffic occurring on short notice which cannot be published in time
List what should an aeronautical broadcast contain
A general call Transmitting unit Reason of broadcast The radius, location and level The type of restriction
What is a SIGMET
-Significant meteorological conditions
information issued by the meteorological office concerning the occurrence of specified en-route weather and other phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations.
What is AIRMET
-Aeronautical meteorological information
Information concerning short term changes of en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low level aircraft operations
What is ATIS
-Automatic terminal information service
Provides current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft broadcast via VHF frequencies published in the AIP
What is METAR
-aviation routine weather report
If relevant ATIS is not available, on pilots’ request, METAR should be reported to the pilot
What is VOLMET
A worldwide network of radio stations that use automated voice transmission to broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports.
What is STCA
-Short term conflict alert
assists the controller by providing a visual alert of potential or actual infringement of separation minima
used to warn the controller of potential separation problems between aircraft and: aircraft, areas and MVA.
What is ACAS/TCAS and what is TA and RA?
- Airborne Collision Avoidance System
- Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance system
- Traffic Advisories
- Resolution Advisories
List radar separation minima in BASIM
5 NM separation above FL135
3 NM separation above FL135
2.5 NM separation within 10 NM from touchdown
list minimum safe height provided by the MVA
1000 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 8 km and a 500 ft buffer to the lower limit of controlled airspace
list holding speed values
< FL140=230kt IAS
FL140-FL200=240kt IAS
>FL200 = 265kt IAS
rules of thumb for calculating descent rates
probable rate of descent = GS * 5
mileage needed to reach level = level difference * 3
list silent radar transfer minima for MAIN sector
10 NM for EDDK inbounds and all flights into/from WURL sector
15 NM for all other flights into/from all other sectors
Definition of radio mandatory zone (RMZ)
An airspace of defined dimensions wherein the carriage and operation of radio equipment is mandatory
List the tasks for the radar controller
-identify aircraft and maintain identity
-issue clearances and instructions
-monitor the progress of flights
-issue traffic/adverse weather information
-vector aircraft to provide separation or navigational assistance
…
List the tasks of planning controller
- issue ATC clearances to adjacent units
- establish and maintain an actual traffic picture
- assist the appropriate radar controller in case of emergency
- document clearances instructions and coordination results
- coordinate IFR flights and military transit flights trough TRAs
Definition of dummy clearance
a clearance issued by an aerodrome control tower without prior coordination with an approach control unit or an area control centre…
what is a discrete code
discrete code is a four digit SSR code with the last two digits not being “00”
when is the transfer of control in effect?
- when passing the common boundary of two areas of responsibility
- at points, times or levels agreed between the two control units concerned
when should the transfer of communication be made?
not earlier than 2 minutes or 10 NM from the sector boundary, whichever is later
when is a revision used?
- ETO/ATO of 5 or more minutes
- coordinated levels
- other relevant data
list radar separation minima
5 NM above FL135
3 NM below FL135
2.5 NM within 10 NM from touchdown
list the wake turbulence separation minima
heavy-heavy = 4 NM heavy-medium = 5 NM heavy-light = 6 NM medium-light = 5 NM A388-heavy = 6 NM A388-medium = 7 NM A388-light = 8 NM
how are ATC clearances obtained?
via radiotelephony, telephone or writing
list the flights that have to be separated?
- all flights in airspace classes A and B
- all IFR flights in airspace classes C, D and E
- IFR and VFR flights in airspace class C
- IFR and SVFR
list the events that may lead to hazards and restrictions to air traffic
- distress incidents
- fuel dumping
- SAR missions
- special occurrences on the ground
what is NOTAM?
NOTAM is issued to disseminate information concerning operationally significant changes to the AIP which are of a temporary nature
list the methods for transfer of identification
- target is physically pointed
- accepting controller is informed of the distance and bearing of the target from a fix or geographical position
- transferring controller instructs the aircraft to change the code and accepting controller observes
- transferring controller instructs the aircraft to squawk IDENT
- notification of the discrete code of the aircraft
define distress and list the distress signals
distress means that grave and imminent danger threatens and immediate assistance is requested
- SSR code 7700
- morse code SOS (…_ _ _ …)
- MAYDAY sent via radiotelephony
- MAYDAY sent via data link
- parachute flare showing a red light
- rockets or shells throwing red lights, fired one at a time at short intervals
define urgency and list the urgency signals
Urgency means that the pilot has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or persons on board or in sight
- morse code XXX (.. .. ..)
- PAN PAN sent via radiotelephony
- PAN PAN sent via data link
- repeated switching on and off of the landing lights, or position lights in such manner that they cannot be mistaken for flashing position lights
