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Internal Medicine > Basic Types of Intravenous Fluids > Flashcards

Basic Types of Intravenous Fluids Flashcards

0
Q

Effect of LR in body pH

A

LR has minimal effects on normal body fluid composition and pH

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1
Q

Risk of using PNSS

A

Risk of hyperchloremic acidosis, due to high Cl content. High Cl content in the kidneys cannot be rapidly excreted. Dilutional acidosis may develop by reducing base bicarb relative to carbonic acid.

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4
Q

Provide water that is not bound by macromolecules or organelles, thus are free to pass through membranes

A

Free water solutions

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5
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Whole blood

A

Blood products, collloid

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6
Q

True or False: LR provides calories to the intravenous system

A

False. LR does not provides calories

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8
Q

True or False: pNSS provides calories to the intravenous system

A

False. PNSS does not provide free water or calories

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10
Q

Lactate is converted readily in what organ

A

Liver. Lactate is converted readily to bicarbonate in the liver.

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11
Q

Effective plasma expanders

A

Colloids

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13
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Dextrose/crystalloid mixtures (D5LR, D5 0.9NaCl)

A

Free water solution

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14
Q

How is 3% NaCl acts as a plasma expander

A

Hypertonic saline increases plasma osmolality and thereby acts as a plasma expander, increasing circulatory volume via movement of intracellular and interstitial water into the intravascular space. (Do not give to CHF patients!)

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18
Q

Usually given when there is a large water deficit in the ICF compartment (indicated by plasma Na > 140 mm)

A

Electrolyte free water (D5W)

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19
Q

Risk of using 3% NaCl

A

High risk for hypernatremia

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20
Q

Type of IV fluid:

D50-50

A

Free water solution

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21
Q

Initial fluid of choice to defend normal blood pressure

A

Normal or isotonic saline

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22
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Dextran

A

Colloid

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23
Q

Endpoints for IVF therapy

A
  1. Normalization of vital signs
  2. Urine output >0.5 ml/kg/hr
  3. Restoration of normal mental status
  4. Lack of clinical signs of fluid deficit
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24
Q

True or False: D5W provides calories to the intravenous system

A

True. D5W or 1/4 normal saline, provides 170 cal/L from 5% dextrose

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25
Q

Excellent maintenance fluid in the immediate post-operative period

A

D5W. Due to added the K.

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26
Q

Usual indications for IV fluid administration

A
  1. Defend normal BP
  2. Return the ICF volume to normal
  3. Replacing ongoing renal losses
  4. Maintenance fluids to match insensible losses
  5. Provide glucose as fluid substrate for brain a d prevention of proteolysis in peripheral tissues
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28
Q

True or False: D5W provides free water to the intravenous system

A

True. Provides free water for insensible losses and some Na to promote renal function and excretion

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30
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Plasma

A

Colloid

31
Q

Free water solution, no role in resuscitation

A

D5W (glucose: 50mg/dl)

36
Q

Type of IV fluid:

D20W, D50W

A

Free water solution

37
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Pentastarch

A

Colloid

39
Q

Fluid that prevents excess catabolism and limits proteolysis

A

D5W

40
Q

Components of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl)

A

1026 mOsm/L, 513 mEq/L Na

43
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Fresh frozen plasma/FFP

A

Blood products, colloid

44
Q

True or False: Is dopamine dose-dependent?

A

True

45
Q

A synthetic sympathomimetic amine with positive inotropic action with effects due to selective stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

A

Dobutamine

46
Q

Dobutamine preparation

A

1 amp contains 250 mg dobutamine

47
Q

Dopamine factor

A

For a formulation of 1 dobutamine amp (250 mg) in 250 cc D5W, factor used is 16.6

49
Q

True or False: is dobutamine dose-dependent?

A

True

50
Q

Sample dopamine order

A

Dopamine drip: 250 mg Dobutamine (1 amp) + 250 cc D5W to run for ___ cc/hr

51
Q

The only solution that may be administered with blood products

A

Normal saline, PNSS

54
Q

Most closely resembles the electrolyte composition of normal blood serum

A

LR. Lactated Ringer’s solution

55
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Cryoprecipitates, platelets

A

Blood products, colloid

56
Q

Type of IV fluid:

D10W

A

Free water solution

57
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Hypertonic solution
3, 5, 7.5%

A

Crystalloid

58
Q

Fluid usually given in patients with acute hyponatremia to raise plasma sodium

A

Hypertonic saline. The ICF volume in the brain rises and could become dangerously high with more prominent decline in plasma sodium, so give hypertonic solution.

61
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Packed RBC

A

Blood products, colloid

63
Q

Initial post-operative maintenance

A

D5LR

65
Q

Comes from components of whole blood. Essentially are also considered colloids

A

Blood products

69
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Hetastarch

A

Colloid

70
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Lactated Ringer’s

A

Crystalloid

72
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Albumin

A

Colloid

73
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Normal saline (0.9% NaCl or PNSS)

A

Crystalloid

78
Q

Type of IV fluid:

D5W (5% dextrose in water)

A

Free water solution

83
Q

High molecular weight solutions which draw fluid into intravascular component via oncotic pressure

A

Colloids

88
Q

Type of IV fluid:

Ringer’s solution

A

Crystalloid

90
Q

Balanced salt electrolyte/salt solution which may be isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic

A

Crystalloids

Internal Medicine (2 decks)

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