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2.4.1. Nervous System > Basic Topography > Flashcards

Basic Topography Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hippocampus found?

A

Temporal lobe

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2
Q

Which cranial N emerges ventrally from the ponto-medullary junction?

A

Abducens

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3
Q

The superior colliculus is part of which structure?

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Outline the motor homunculus

A

Medial - lower limbs

Intermediate - hands

Lateral - face

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5
Q

Which part of the brainstem lies at the level of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

Bridging veins transverse which space?

A

Subdural space

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7
Q

What does the CNS encompass?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

Brainstem and cerebellum

Spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the PNS encompass?

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

Spinal nerves

Peripheral nerves

Ganglion

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9
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Composed of cell bodies and dendrites and synapses

Highly vascular (reflects its ‘computational’ role)

Cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What is white matter?

A

Composed of axons (supporting cells)

White due to fatty myelin

Corpus callosum

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11
Q

Define basal ganglia

A

A group of subcortical structures known to be involved in motor function

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12
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of grey matter?

A

Ganglion

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13
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of white matter?

A

Peripheral N

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14
Q

Describe the white and grey matter structure of the brain

A

Like the cord

Central grey matter surrounded by white matter then surrounded by extra layer of grey matter

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15
Q

Describe a spinal cord segment?

A

Cord has a central core of grey matter and an outer shell of white matter

Each segment connects with a spinal (mixed) N through dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots

Dorsal N root has a swelling = spinal ganglion

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16
Q

How can symptoms relate to spinal cord lesions?

A

Sensory and motor = mixed = lesion in spinal nerve

Just sensory = lesion in dorsal root

Just motor = lesion in ventral root

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17
Q

Define funiculus

A

Segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts – axons up/down

Impulses travel in multiple directions

3 in the CNS = dorsal, ventral, lateral

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18
Q

Define tract

A

Connection between 2 regions of grey matter

An anatomically and functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter.

Impulses travel in one direction

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19
Q

Define fasciculus

A

A subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

20
Q

Describe how the grey matter is divided?

A

Functionally distinct

Histologically district

21
Q

Define nucleus

A

Collection of functionally related cell bodies

22
Q

Define cortex

A

Folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of the brain

1-5mm thick

23
Q

Define fibre (white matter)

A

Axon with its supporting cells

Association = connects regions in the same hemisphere

Commissural = connect L and R hemispheres (corpus callosum)

Projection = connect cerebral hemispheres with cord/brainstem

24
Q

What is the role of the midbrain?

A

Eye movements

Reflex responses to sound and vision

25
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

Feeding

Sleep

26
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres

Contains major motor pathways – medullary pyramids

27
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Sitting in the coronal plane

Key landmark separating frontal and parietal lobes

28
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

Contains primary motor cortex

29
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Contains primary sensory cortex

30
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

Separates the temporal from the frontal/parietal lobes

31
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Separates parietal from occipital lobe

32
Q

What is the calcarine sulcus?

A

Primary visual cortex surrounds this

33
Q

Describe the optic chiasm

A

A site where fibres in the visual system cross over

34
Q

What is the uncus?

A

Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate, compressing the midbrain

Important olfactory role

35
Q

Describe the medullary pyramids

A

Location of descending motor fibres (each has 1 million)

36
Q

Describe the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Key cortical region for memory encoding

37
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

Describe the thalmus

A

Sensory station projecting to sensory cortext

39
Q

What is the role of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Cortical area important for emotion and memory

40
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

Essential centre for homeostasis

41
Q

Describe the fornix

A

Major output pathway from the hippocampus

42
Q

Describe the tectum

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain involved in involuntary responses to auditory and visual stimuli

43
Q

What can happen to the cerebellar tonsil?

A

Part of the cerebellum that can herniate and compress the medulla

44
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A

Hollow cavities

Contain choroid plexus which makes 600-700ml of CSF per day

45
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Granulations in the superior sagittal sinus

2.4.1. Nervous System (20 decks)

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