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Fundamentals of Aerodynamics > Basic Theory > Flashcards

Basic Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Scalar

A

A quantity that only represents magnitude. ex., time, temp, or volume

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2
Q

Vector

A

A quantity that represents magnitude and direction. ex., displacement, velocity, acceleration, or force

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3
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of molecular material that comprises an object

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4
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space occupied by an object

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5
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume. Expresses weight and force

P=mass/volume

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6
Q

Force

A

Is mass times acceleration

F=MxA

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7
Q

Weight

A

Is the force with which a mass is attracted toward the center of the Earth by gravity

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8
Q

Moment

A

Is created when force is applied from an axis or fulcrum, and tends to produce rotation about that point

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9
Q

Work

A

Is done when a force acts on a body and moves it.

W=FxS

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10
Q

Power

A

The rate of doing work

P=W/T

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11
Q

Energy

A

A scalar measure of the body’s capacity to do work

Potential and kinetic

Conservation energy= energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but transferred from one to another

TE=PE+KE

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12
Q

Potential Energy

A

The ability of a body to do work because of its position or state of being

PE=weight x height = mgh

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13
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The ability of a body to do work because of its motion

KE=1/2 mV^2

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14
Q

Newton’s Law of Equilibrium

A

A body at rest tends to stay at rest and a body in motion tends to remain in motion in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted upon by some unbalanced force

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15
Q

The requirements for a plane to be in equilibrium

A

The sum of all forces AND the sum of all moments around the center of gravity are equal to zero

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16
Q

The requirements for a plane to be in trimmed flight

A

The sum of all moments around the center of gravity is equal to zero

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17
Q

Newton’s Law of Acceleration

A

An unbalanced force (F) acting on a body produces an acceleration (a) in the direction of the force that is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass (m) of the body

a= F/M

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18
Q

Newton’s Law of Interaction

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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19
Q

Static Pressure

A

The pressure particles of air exert on adjacent bodies

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20
Q

Air Density

A

The total mass of air particles per unit of volume

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21
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average random kinetic energy of air particles

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22
Q

Humidity

A

The amount of water vapor in the air

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23
Q

Viscosity

A

Is a measure of the air’s resistance to flow and shearing

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24
Q

Local speed of sound

A

Is the rate at which sound waves travel through a particular air mass

25
Q

The values of standard atmosphere

A

A set of reference conditions giving representative values of air properties as a function of altitude

26
Q

The General Gas Law

A

The relationships between the three properties of air: pressure, density, and air

PV=nRT

27
Q

Steady Airflow

A

Exists if at every point in the airflow static pressure, density, temperature, and velocity remain constant over time

28
Q

Streamline

A

Is the path that air particles follow in steady airflow

29
Q

Streamtube

A

Streamlines which contains a flow just as effectively as a tube with solid walls

30
Q

Pressure Altitude

A

The height above the standard datum plane

31
Q

Density Altitude

A

The altitude in the standard atmosphere where the air density is equal to local air density

32
Q

Indicated Airspeed

A

The actual instrument indication of the dynamic pressure the airplane is exposed to during flight

IAS

33
Q

Calibrated Airspeed

A

When indicated airspeed is corrected for error

CAS

34
Q

Equivalent Airspeed

A

Is the true airspeed at sea level on a standard day that produces the same dynamic pressure as the actual flight condition

35
Q

True Airspeed

A

Is the actual velocity at which an airplane moves through an air mass

TAS

36
Q

Ground Speed

A

The airplanes actual speed over the ground

37
Q

An Aircraft

A

Any device used or intended to be used for flight in the air

38
Q

An Airplane

A

A mechanically driven fixed-wing aircraft, heavier than air, which is supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings

39
Q

The five components of an airplane

A

Engine, landing gear, empennage, fuselage, wing

40
Q

The airplane three-axis reference system

A

Lateral (pitch), longitudinal (roll/bank), vertical (yaw)

41
Q

Chord Line

A

Is an infinitely long and straight line which passes through its leading and trailing edges

42
Q

Chord

A

The precise measurement between the leading and trailing edges measured along the chord lines

43
Q

Root Chord

A

The chord at the wing centerline

44
Q

Tip Chord

A

The measure at the wingtip

45
Q

Average Chord

A

The average of every chord from the wing root to the wingtip

46
Q

Mean Camber Line

A

The line halfway between the upper and lower surface of an airfoilIs

47
Q

Spanwise Flow

A

Airflow that travels along the span of the wing, parallel to the leading edge

48
Q

Chordwise Flow

A

Air flowing at right angles to the leading edge of an airfoil

49
Q

Pitch Attitude

A

The angle between an airplane’s longitudinal axis and the horizon

50
Q

Flight Path

A

The path described by its center of gravity as it moves through an air mass

51
Q

Relative Wind

A

The airflow that the airplane experiences as it moves through the air

52
Q

Angle of Attack (AoA)

A

Is the angle between the relative wind and the chord line

53
Q

Angle of Incidence

A

Is the angle between the airplane’s longitudinal axis and the chord line of the wing

54
Q

Dihedral Angle

A

The angle between the spanwise inclination of the wing and the lateral axis

Its the upward slope of the wing when viewed from the front

55
Q

wingspan

A

The length of a wing, measured from wingtip to wingtip

56
Q

Wing Area

A

The apparent surface area of a wing from the wingtip to wingtip

57
Q

Wing Loading

A

Is the ratio of an airplane’s weight to the surface area of its wings

WL=W/S

58
Q

Sweep Angle

A

Is the angle between the lateral axis and a line drawn 25% aft of the leading edge

59
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

Is the ratio of the wingspan to the average chord

Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (1 decks)

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