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Basic Theory Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Scalar

A

quantity that represents only magnitude

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2
Q

Vector

A

quantity that represents magnitude and direction

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3
Q

Displacement (s)

A

distance and direction of a body’s movement

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4
Q

Velocity (V)

A

speed and direction of a bod’s motion, the rate of change of position

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5
Q

Speed

A

scalar equal to the magnitude of the velocity vector

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6
Q

Acceleration (a)

A

rate and direction of a body’s change of velocity

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7
Q

Force (F)

A

push or pull exerted on a body

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8
Q

Mass (m)

A

quantity of molecular material that comprises an object

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9
Q

Volume (v)

A

amount of space occupied by an object

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10
Q

Density (ρ)

A

mass per unit volume

ρ = mass/volume

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11
Q

Weight (W)

A

force with which a mass is attracted toward the center of the earth by gravity

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12
Q

Force (F)

A

mass times acceleration

F= m (x) a

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13
Q

Moment (M)

A

created when a force is applied at some distance from an axis or fulcrum, tends to produce rotation about that point. A vector quantity equal to Force time distance from the point of rotation that is perpendicular to the force.

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14
Q

Work (W)

A

scalar quantity

W= F (x) s

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15
Q

Power (P)

A

rate of doing work or work done per unit of time

P = W/t

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16
Q

Energy

A

scalar measure of a body’s capacity to do work

TE= PE + KE

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17
Q

Potential Energy

A

ability of a body to do work because of its position or state of being. Function of mass (m), gravity (g), and height (h).
PE= weight (x) height = mgh

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18
Q

Kinetic energy

A

ability of a body to do work b/c of its motion. Funcition of mass (m) and velocity (V).
KE = 1/2mV ²

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19
Q

Work

A

changes position to give potential energy or motion to give kinetic energy

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20
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

Law of Equilibrium
“Body at rest tends to remain at rest and a body in motion tends to remain in motion in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted upon by some unbalance force

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21
Q

Equilibrium

A

absence of acceleration, either linear or angular

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22
Q

Equilibrium flight

A

exists when the sum of all forces and the sum of all moments around the center of gravity are equal to zero. thrust, drag, lift and weight cancel each other out

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23
Q

Trimmed flight

A

exists when the sum of all moments around the center of gravity is equal to zero. Sum of forces may not be equal to zero. DOES NOT NEED TO BE IN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT

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24
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Law of Acceleration
“An unbalanced force (F) acting on a body produces an acceleration (a) in the direction of the force that is directly proportional to the mass (m) of the body”
a=F/m a= (Vout (-) Vin)/time

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25
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Law of Interaction "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; the forces of two bodies on each other are always equal and are directed in opposite directions
26
Static pressure (Ps)
the pressure that particles of air exert on adjacent bodies
27
Air density (ρ)
total mass of air particles per unit of volume. Decreases with an increase in altitude
28
Temperature (T)
measure of the average random kinetic energy of air particles
29
Average lapse rate
Linear temperature decrease for each 1000 ft increase in altitude. 2°C (3.57°F) per 1000 ft up to 36,000 ft
30
Humidity
amount of water vapor in the air | as humidity inc, air density dec
31
Viscosity (µ)
measure of the air's resistance to flow and shearing | inc as temp inc
32
Local speed of sound
rate at which sound waves travel thru a particular air mass | dependent only on the temperature of the air
33
Standard atmosphere
set of reference conditions giving representative values of air properties as a function of altitude
34
General Gas Law
set the relationship b/w pressure (P), density (ρ), and temperature (T) P=ρRT
35
Altitude
defined as the geometric height above agiven plane of reference
36
True altitude
actual height above sea level
37
Pressure altitude (PA)
height above the standard datum plane (22.92 in. Hg)
38
Density altitude (DA)
altitude in the standard atmosphere where the air density is equal to local air density. Found by correcting pressure altitude for temp and humidity. Predictor of aircraft performance.
39
Steady airflow
Exists if at every point in the airflow static pressure, density, temp and velocity remain constant over time. Particles do not cross streamlines.
40
Streamtube
collection of many adjacent streamlines
41
Continuity Equation (ṁ)
Amount of mass passing any point in the streamtube | ṁ= ρAV
42
Continuity Equation
``` ρ1A1V1 = ρ2A2V2 A1V1= A2V2 ```
43
Static pressure (ps)
the pressure particles of air exert on adjacent bodies
44
Dynamic pressure (q)
measure of impact pressure of a large group of air molecules moving together q= (1/2)ρV ²
45
Total pressure (H)
sum of static and dynamic pressure inc in static results in dec in dynamic, and vice versa H = ps + (1/2)ρV ²
46
Bernoulli's equation
H= ps + q
47
Airspeed Measurement equation
q= H (-) Ps
48
pitot static system
consists of pitot tube that senses total pressure (H), static port that senses static pressure (Ps) and differential pressure gauge
49
pitot tubes used for...
measuring total pressure
50
static port measures...
static pressure
51
Indicated airspeed (IAS)
actual instrument indication of dynamic pressure the airplane is exposed to
52
Instrument error
caused by indicator errors and errors due to the pysical location of the static port
53
Calibrated airspeed (CAS)
indicated airspeed corrected for instrument error
54
compressibility error
caused by ram effect of air in pitot tube resulting in higher than normal airspeed indications
55
Equivalent airspeed (EAS)
true airspeed at sea level on a standard day that produces the same dynamic pressure as the actual flight condition
56
Pitot tubes
used to measure total pressure
57
Static port
measures static pressure
58
Indicated airspeed (IAS)
actual instrument indication of the dynamic pressure the plane is exposed to during flight
59
instrument error
caused by the indicator errors and errors due to the physical location of the static port on the aircraft
60
True airspeed
actual velocity at which an airplane moves through an air mass
61
Ground speed
airplane's actual speed over the ground GS= TAS (-) HEADWIND GS= TAS (+) TAILWIND
62
aircraft
any device used or intended to be used for flight in the air
63
airplane
mechanically driven fixed-wing aircraft, heavier than air, which is supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings
64
fuselage
basic structure of the airplane to which all other components are attached
65
truss
consists of metal/wooden frame over which a light skin is stretched. truss supports entire load
66
full monocoque
skin shell that supports entire load
67
semi-monocoque
modified monocoque with skin, frame members, and stringers that share the load
68
wing
airfoil attached to the fuselage designed to produce lift
69
ailerons
attached to wing to control roll
70
empennage
assembly of stabilizing and control surfaces on the tail of an airplane greatest stabilizing force
71
elevators
attached to horizontal stabilizer to control pitch
72
landing gear
permits ground taxi operation and absorbs shock encountered during takeoff and landing
73
engine
provides thrust necessary for powered flight
74
mean camber line (MCL)
line halfway b/w upper and lower surface of an airfoil
75
chord line
infinite line that passes thru leading and trailing edges of an airfoil
76
root chord (cr)
chord at the wing centerline
77
tip chord (ct)
chord at wing tip
78
average chord (c)
avg of every chord from wing root to wingtip
79
camber
ma distance b/w mean camber line and chord line | measured perpendicular to chord line
80
Aerodynamic center
point along chord line around which all changes in the aerodynamic force take place
81
Wingspan (b)
length of wing measured wingtip to wingtip
82
Wing area (S)
apparent surface area of a wing from wingtip to wingtip | S=bc (wing area= wingspan x avg. chord
83
Taper
reduction in chord of an airfoil from root to tip
84
sweep angle
angle b/w lateral axis and line drawn 25% aft of leading edge
85
Aspect ratio (AR)
ratio of wingspan to avg chord | AR= b/c
86
Wing loading (WL)
ratio of plane's weight to surface area of wings | WL=W/S
87
Angle of incidence
angle b/w plane's longitudinal axis and chord line of wing
88
Dihedral angle
angle b/w spanwise inclination of wing and lateral axis (upward slope of wing when viewed from front)
89
Anhedral angle
negative diheral angle
90
Pitch attitude
angle b/w plane's longitudinal axis and the horizon
91
flight path
path of plane described by center of gravity as it moves thru an airmass
92
Relative wind
airflow the plane experiences as it moves thru the air
93
angle of attack (AOA)
angle b/w relative wind and chord line of airfoil
94
Spanwise flow
airflow that travels along span of wing, parallel to leading edge produces no lift
95
Chordwise flow
air flowing at right angle to leading edge of airfoil | only airflow that produces lift

Aero 1 (1 decks)

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