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Parasitology I > Basic terms > Flashcards

Basic terms Flashcards

1
Q

An association, either permanent or temporary, between two organisms of different species.

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

Members of a symbiotic relationship are called?

A

symbionts

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3
Q

A short term relationship in which one symbiont benefits at the expense of the other

A

Predator-prey

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4
Q

What is an example of a predator-prey symbiosis?

A

The tiger is the predator of the water buffalo, its prey

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5
Q

A relationship in which the smaller member of the relationship is mechanically carried about by the larger member.

A

Phoresis

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6
Q

What is an example of a phoresis symbiosis?

A

The bacterium that causes pink eye, Moraxella bovis, is carried about on the legs of the facefly, Musca autumnalis

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7
Q

an association between two organisms of different species in which both are benefited

A

mutualism

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8
Q

What is an example of Mutualism

A

tick birds feed on the parasites that rhinos carry. rhinos no longer suffer from parasites.
or ciliates in rumen of cow

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9
Q

an association between two organisms of different species in which one partner is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed

A

Commensalism

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10
Q

what is an example of commensalism

A

sharks and remoras

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11
Q

an association between two organisms of different species in which one member lives on the other member and may cause harm.

A

Parasitism

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12
Q

this association implies a metabolic dependency

A

parasitism

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13
Q

The organisms that the parasite lives in or on

A

host

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14
Q

the organism that lives on/in another organism and causes harm

A

parasite

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15
Q

An association between 2 organisms of different species in which one organism is potentially pathogenic, but does not cause outward signs of disease

A

Parasitiasis

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16
Q

what is an example of parasitiasis

A

healthy cattle on pasture harbor parasites in GI tract but show not outward symptoms of disease

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17
Q

an association between 2 organisms of different species in which one organism injures the other and produces outward signs of parasitism

A

Parasitosis

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18
Q

what is an example of parasitosis

A

emaciated cow showing signs of parasitism

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19
Q

study of parasitic relationships

A

parasitology

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20
Q

a parasite that lives within the body of the host

A

endoparasite

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21
Q

what is an example of an endoparasite

A

canine heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis

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22
Q

a parasite that lives on the outside of the body of the host

A

ectoparasite

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23
Q

What is an example of an ectoparasite

A

Ctenocephalalides felis, fleas

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24
Q

a parasite that has wandered into an organ or tissue in which it does not ordinarily live

A

erratic/ aberrant parasite

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25
Q

what is an example of an erratic parasite

A

Cuterebra species in the brain of a dog

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26
Q

a parasite in a host in which it does not usually live

A

incidental parasite

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27
Q

give an example of an incidental parasite

A

heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in human beings

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28
Q

an organism that is capable of living either free or as a parasite

A

facultative parasite

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29
Q

give an example of a facultative parasite

A

Naegleria sp.- free living soil ameobae that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in human beings

30
Q

an organism that must live a parasitic existence

A

obligatory parasite

31
Q

give an example of an obligatory parasite

A

canine heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis, in dogs

32
Q

a parasite that makes short visits to its host to obtain nourishment or some other benefit

A

periodic parasite

33
Q

what is an example of a periodic parasite

A

mosquitos feeding on human beings

34
Q

an object mistaken for a parasite

A

pseudoparasite

35
Q

example of a pseudoparasite

A

a pollen grain in a fecal

36
Q

the development of a parasite through its various life stages

A

life cycle

37
Q

the host that harbors the larval, asexual, or immature stages of the parasite

A

intermediate host

38
Q

give an example of an intermediate host

A

mosquitos are the intermediate host for the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis

39
Q

the host that harbors the adult, sexual or mature stages of the parasite

A

definitive host

40
Q

give an example of a definitive host

A

the dog is the definitive host for the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis

41
Q

the first host parasitized by the larval stages of the parasite

A

first intermediate host

42
Q

the second host parasitized by the larval stages of the parasite

A

second intermediate host

43
Q

Give an example of a first intermediate host

A

the snail is the first intermediate host for the “lizard poisoning fluke,” Platynosomum fastosum

44
Q

give an example of a second intermediate host

A

the lizard (anole) is the second intermediate host for the “lizard poisoning fluke,” Platynosomum fastosum

45
Q

an intermediate host in which the parasite does not undergo any further development, usually remaining encysted until the definitive hosts eats it.

A

Transport or paratenic host

46
Q

give an example of a paratenic host

A

a mouse infected with larvae of the canine roundworm, Toxocara canis

47
Q

a vertebrate host in which a parasite or disease occurs naturally and which is a source of infection for human beings and their domestic animals, as the case may be

A

reservoir host

48
Q

give an example of a reservoir host

A

Birds are hosts for Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

49
Q

parasitism by an internal parasite

A

infection

50
Q

what is an example of an Infection

A

canine roundworms infect dogs

51
Q

parasitism by an external parasite

A

Infestation

52
Q

give an example of a parasite that can cause an infestation

A

fleas infest dogs

53
Q

any disease that is transmissible from lower animals to human beings

A

zoonosis

54
Q

give an example of zoonosis

A

rabies (and plague and trichinosis)

55
Q

a name comprised of two latin words usually written in italics or underlined that can universally identify an organism

A

Scientific Name

56
Q

what are the components of a scientific name>

A

Genus and species

57
Q

part of scientific name that indicates the group to which a particular type of animal belongs

A

Genus

58
Q

the specific epithet that identifies the animal itself; part of the scientific name

A

species

59
Q

name the 5 kingdoms

A

Pants, animals, fungi, protists, and monerans

60
Q

Name the order of classification that all living organisms follow (K.P.C.O.F.G.S.)

A

Kingdom>Phylum>Class> Order> Family> Genus>species

61
Q

How many different ways can a parasite injure it’s host?

A

12- be able to name all 12

62
Q

Parasites may feed on ____, _____, or _____.

A

blood, lymph, or exudates

63
Q

Parasites may feed on _____ _____, either directly or after liquefying them.

A

solid tissues

64
Q

parasites may ____ with the host for the food it has ingested, either by ingesting the intestinal contents or by absorbing them through the body wall

A

compete

65
Q

Parasites may cause _____ _____ of the intestine, bile ducts, blood vessels, lymph channels, bronchi, or other body channels

A

mechanical obstruction

66
Q

parasites may produce ___ atrophy

A

pressure

67
Q

parasites may ____ host cells by growing inside them

A

destroy

68
Q

parasites may produce various ___ substances, such as hemolysins, histolysins, and anticoagulants.

A

toxic

69
Q

parasites may produce ___ reactions

A

allergic

70
Q

parasites may produce various host reactions such as: ____, _____, ____, and ____ formation

A

inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and nodule

71
Q

parasites may (directly or indirectly) promote the ____ transformation of cells

A

neoplastic

72
Q

parasites may carry ____ and other parasites including malaria, wuine influenza, salmon poisoning, and heartworm.

A

diseases

Parasitology I (3 decks)

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