Basic terminology, Frequency distribution, Histograms Flashcards

Module 1: Handout 1, handout 2, handout 3

1
Q

population

A

large group of individuals

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2
Q

data

A

facts or observations

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3
Q

statistics

A

analyzes data

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4
Q

variables

A

data that can vary or are changeable, basically both x and y

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5
Q

variable types

A
  • quantitative
  • qualitative
  • continuous
  • discrete
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6
Q

quantitative variable example

A

age, income, number of children, GPA

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7
Q

quantitative variable

A

variables that are presented in numerical form

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8
Q

qualitative variable example

A

place of origin, gender

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9
Q

qualitative variable

A

variables that are organized into categories

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10
Q

continuous variable

A

a variable that seemingly has an infinite number of possibilities EX age (I can be 19.31 years old)

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11
Q

discrete variable

A

a variable that only have a certain number of possible outcomes EX whole integers

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12
Q

discrete variables that are considered continuous

A

income is a variable that can have a specific range of outcomes, but it is moreso considered continuous because of the many possible outcomes

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13
Q

sample

A

subset/smaller group of one whole population

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14
Q

sample types

A
  • representative
  • random
  • biased
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15
Q

representative sample

A

members in a sample that represent a population as a whole

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16
Q

biased sample

A

a sample that is not random

17
Q

sample mean

A

a statistic true to the sample, not the population

18
Q

population/true mean

A

a statistic that is true for the whole population

19
Q

frequency distribution

A

sorts data into classes

20
Q

class width

A

the number difference between the first number of one class and the first number of the next class

21
Q

each class of the frequency distribution has a…

A

class width

22
Q

class width example

A

the first class is 0-9, second class is 10-19, so the class width is 10 since 10-0=10

23
Q

choosing a class width

A

calculate the range of data, then divide by the number of classes you want

24
Q

choosing a class width example

A

lightest member is 172lbs, heaviest is 250lbs, so range is 78 and if i want 5 classes then do 78+5=15.6 or 15

25
normal distribution
the frequency distribution initially starts low, then its highest, then low again kind of like an upside down parabola
26
uniform distribution
frequencies are constant..? so each class would roughly have the same number
27
exponential distribution
the maximum frequency will be at the end of one range (beginning or end)
28
bimodal distribution
two maximums frequencies
29
frequency
The amount in each class of a frequency distribution
30
Two rules that are required for frequency distribution are...
that the class widths are consistent for each class and there are at least 5 classes
31
Steps to create a frequency distribution
1) Find the lowest number and highest number of the data 2) Do highest# minus lowest# which would equal the "range" 3) Divide the "range" by the number of classes you are using which equals the "class width" 4) The "class width" is rounded to a whole number 5) Then create an x&y chart 6) The X column includes all the data for the lowest-highest numbers 7) The Y column answers the X column 8) Then looking at the Y column numbers, identify the type of distribution (normal=parabola, uniform=line, exponentional=exponential line, bimodal=two parabolas)
32
What is a histogram ?
a visual representation of a frequency distribution
33
What goes on the vertical axis?
frequency
34
What goes on the horizontal axis?
classes