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Seminar > Basic Terminology > Flashcards

Basic Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear

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2
Q

afrinogenemia

A

lack of fibrinogen in the blood plasma

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3
Q

allele

A

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene hat occupy corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes

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4
Q

anisocytosis

A

Abnormal RBC size

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5
Q

antagonist

A

something that nullifies the action of something else

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6
Q

chelation

A

chemical formation where metal ions covalently bind toxins or poisons in the blood

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7
Q

dycrasia

A

disorder of a hematologic cell line or lines

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8
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth patten of cells or tissues; indicates precancerous condition

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9
Q

hemmorhage

A

blood loss either outside the body or within a body cavity as a result of ruptured blood vessels

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10
Q

hemostasis

A

process of blood clotting

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11
Q

myelo

A

prefix relating to the bone marrow and used to identify precursors of neutrophils

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12
Q

necrosis

A

localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury

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13
Q

poikilocytosis

A

presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear
A

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14
Q

Polychromasia

A

cells with many pigments or colors and often a sign of immaturity

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15
Q

senescent

A

aging or growing old

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16
Q

sequestration

A

transfer of blood cells from the circulation into a limited vascular area, such as the spleen for storage

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17
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in the stool, usually because of malabsorption. Stool may be oily, pale or colorless, and foul smelling

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18
Q

zymogen

A

inactive precursor of an enzyme, protein, or hormone

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19
Q

absorption

A

removal of an unwanted antibody

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20
Q

allogenic

A

transport donor who is related or unrelated to the recipient

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21
Q

amorph

A

gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen, a silent gene

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22
Q

anemia

A

condition in which there is reduced oxygen delivery to the tissues, may result from increased destruction of RBCs, excessive blood loss, or decreased production of RBCs

23
Q

autologous

A

donor and recipient are the same person

24
Q

biphasic

A

reactivity occurring in two phases

25
Q

chimera

A

an individual who possesses a mixed cell population

26
Q

diuresis

A

secretion and passage of large amounts of urine

27
Q

dosage

A

antibody reacts more strongly to a

RBC carrying a double dose (homogenous) of an antigen than one carrying a single dose (heterozygous) of an antigen

28
Q

endogenous

A

produced or arising from within a cell or organism

29
Q

exogenous

A

originating outside an organ or part

30
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin

31
Q

in vitro

A

outside of body, laboratory setting

32
Q

in vivo

A

inside the living body

33
Q

monoclonal

A

derived from a single ancestral antibody producing parent cell

34
Q

neonate

A

a newborn infant up to 4 months of age

35
Q

neutralization

A

inactivating an antibody by reacting it with an antigen against which it is directed

36
Q

plasma

A

the liquid portion of whole blood, containing water, electrolytes, glucose, fats, proteins, gases, and contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation but in an inactive form

37
Q

refractory

A

obstinate, stubborn resistant to treatment, resistant to stimulation

38
Q

sensitization

A

a condition of being made sensitive to a specific substance after the initial exposure to that substance

39
Q

xenogeneic

A

transplantation between species

40
Q

zeta potential

A

the difference in charge density between the inner and outer layers of the ionic cloud that surrounds RBCs in an electrolyte solution

41
Q

acid

A

a substance that donates H atoms in a water solution

42
Q

affinity

A

the strength of the bond between an antigen and an antibody

43
Q

analyte

A

a chemical substance or biological component of the human body, such as a hormone, drug or protein

44
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

45
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

46
Q

azotemia

A

presence of excessive nitrogen products (like urea) in the bloodstream

47
Q

buffer

A

a solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, when a strong base or strong acid is added to the solution, the pH changes very little

48
Q

hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated immune response that leads to tissue damage, signals, cells or processes of the immune response can become abnormal or impaired due to genetic or environmental influences

49
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells of a specific type in response to injury or stress

50
Q

ischemia

A

lack of O2 in tissues, caused by decreased blood flow to the cells

51
Q

linearity

A

range of values within which a given laboratory procedure, instrument or reagent provides accurate results

52
Q

random error

A

unforseen abnormal test result that is usually due to temperature or technique but may have no apparent cause, the most difficult type of error to detect

53
Q

trough level

A

lowest concentration of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream

Seminar (4 decks)

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