Basic Terminology Flashcards
abetalipoproteinemia
presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear
afrinogenemia
lack of fibrinogen in the blood plasma
allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene hat occupy corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes
anisocytosis
Abnormal RBC size
antagonist
something that nullifies the action of something else
chelation
chemical formation where metal ions covalently bind toxins or poisons in the blood
dycrasia
disorder of a hematologic cell line or lines
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth patten of cells or tissues; indicates precancerous condition
hemmorhage
blood loss either outside the body or within a body cavity as a result of ruptured blood vessels
hemostasis
process of blood clotting
myelo
prefix relating to the bone marrow and used to identify precursors of neutrophils
necrosis
localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury
poikilocytosis
presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear
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Polychromasia
cells with many pigments or colors and often a sign of immaturity
senescent
aging or growing old
sequestration
transfer of blood cells from the circulation into a limited vascular area, such as the spleen for storage
steatorrhea
fat in the stool, usually because of malabsorption. Stool may be oily, pale or colorless, and foul smelling
zymogen
inactive precursor of an enzyme, protein, or hormone
absorption
removal of an unwanted antibody
allogenic
transport donor who is related or unrelated to the recipient
amorph
gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen, a silent gene
anemia
condition in which there is reduced oxygen delivery to the tissues, may result from increased destruction of RBCs, excessive blood loss, or decreased production of RBCs
autologous
donor and recipient are the same person
biphasic
reactivity occurring in two phases
chimera
an individual who possesses a mixed cell population
diuresis
secretion and passage of large amounts of urine
dosage
antibody reacts more strongly to a
RBC carrying a double dose (homogenous) of an antigen than one carrying a single dose (heterozygous) of an antigen
endogenous
produced or arising from within a cell or organism
exogenous
originating outside an organ or part
idiopathic
pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin
in vitro
outside of body, laboratory setting
in vivo
inside the living body
monoclonal
derived from a single ancestral antibody producing parent cell
neonate
a newborn infant up to 4 months of age
neutralization
inactivating an antibody by reacting it with an antigen against which it is directed
plasma
the liquid portion of whole blood, containing water, electrolytes, glucose, fats, proteins, gases, and contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation but in an inactive form
refractory
obstinate, stubborn resistant to treatment, resistant to stimulation
sensitization
a condition of being made sensitive to a specific substance after the initial exposure to that substance
xenogeneic
transplantation between species
zeta potential
the difference in charge density between the inner and outer layers of the ionic cloud that surrounds RBCs in an electrolyte solution
acid
a substance that donates H atoms in a water solution
affinity
the strength of the bond between an antigen and an antibody
analyte
a chemical substance or biological component of the human body, such as a hormone, drug or protein
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
atrophy
decrease in cell size
azotemia
presence of excessive nitrogen products (like urea) in the bloodstream
buffer
a solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, when a strong base or strong acid is added to the solution, the pH changes very little
hypersensitivity
an exaggerated immune response that leads to tissue damage, signals, cells or processes of the immune response can become abnormal or impaired due to genetic or environmental influences
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells of a specific type in response to injury or stress
ischemia
lack of O2 in tissues, caused by decreased blood flow to the cells
linearity
range of values within which a given laboratory procedure, instrument or reagent provides accurate results
random error
unforseen abnormal test result that is usually due to temperature or technique but may have no apparent cause, the most difficult type of error to detect
trough level
lowest concentration of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream
