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Thermodynamics > Basic stuff > Flashcards

Basic stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a system:

A

A quantity of matter or a region of space chosen for study

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2
Q

Definition of a state:

A

The condition of a system at a specific time

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3
Q

Definition of a Process:

A

The sequence of activities to change the system from one state to another

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4
Q

What is an Adiabatic process:

A

A process with no heat exchange

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5
Q

What is an Isobaric process?

A

A process with constant pressure

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6
Q

What is an Isochoric process?

A

A process with constant volume

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7
Q

What is an Isothermal process?

A

A process with constant temperature

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8
Q

What is a polytropic process?

A

A process that obeys the equation PV^n = constant

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9
Q

What is an Isentropic process?

A

A process with constant entropy

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10
Q

What is specific volume (v)?

A

Volume per unit mass, m^3/kg

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11
Q

What is Z?

A

Compressibility- the ratio of the volume of a real gas to the volume of an ideal gas at the same temp and pressure

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12
Q

Calculation to work out Z?

A

Z = Pv/RT

v is specific volume, P may be in KPa, R is 8.314/MW

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13
Q

What is C?

A

Specific heat J/Kg*K

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14
Q

Definition of specific heat:

A

The energy required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass of a substance by 1 degree

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15
Q

What is the total energy of a system (E)?

A
  • E= u + PE + KE

u is internal energy

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16
Q

What types of internal energy are there?

A
  • Sensible
  • Latent
  • Chemical
  • Nuclear
17
Q

What is sensible internal energy?

A
  • The KE of molecules within the system
18
Q

What is Latent internal energy? and what can a change in latent energy do?

A
  • The energy within the molecular binding forces
  • Solid, liquid or gas phase
  • Change in latent energy can cause evaporation
19
Q

What is chemical internal energy?

with an example

A
  • The energy in atomic bonding forces

- covalent/ionic/metallic bonds

20
Q

What is nuclear internal energy?

A
  • The energy of forces within atoms

- released in fusion and fission

21
Q

What makes PE and KE macroscopic energies?

A
  • A whole system with respect to a reference frame
22
Q

What is Q?

A

Energy transfer by heat

23
Q

What ways can energy be converted by heat?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
24
Q

Describe conduction:

A
  • Energy transfer between objects which are in physical contact through microscopic collisions of particles
25
Q

Describe convection:

A
  • Energy transfer between an object and adjacent moving fluids
26
Q

Describe Radiation:

A
  • Energy transfer through electromagnetic waves between objects
27
Q

What ways can energy be transferred through work? and units

A
  • Mechanical work (Watts)
  • Shaft work (Torque/Nm)
  • Electrical work (Voltage X coulombs)
28
Q

What is the definition of energy transfer by work?

A

The energy transferred when a force acts through a distance

29
Q

What is the general equation for efficiency (n)?

A

n = (desired energy out)/ (Required energy in)

30
Q

In a Temperature-specific volume phase change diagram, what are the 3 regions?

A

1) Compressed liquid region
2) Saturated liquid vapour region
3) Superheated vapour region

31
Q

What is the critical point?

A

Where the amount of saturated liquid and saturated vapour are equal

32
Q

what are the points on the T-v phase change diagram where the temperature changes?

A

1) when the temperature flattens off is the saturated liquid point
2) When the temperature increases again is the saturated vapour point where all liquid has become vapour

33
Q

What assumptions are made behind the ideal gas model?

A
  • The gas molecules are in ceaseless random motion
  • The size of the molecules in negligible when compared to their average distance travelled between collisions
  • The only interactions between gas molecules are due to elastic collisions
34
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can be transferred between objects or converted into other forms but cannot be recreated anew or destroyed

35
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics:

A

As energy is transferred or converted into other forms, its overall ability to do work will deteriorate

36
Q

What is a closed system?

A
  • Only energy can cross the boundary
37
Q

What is an open system?

A
  • Mass and Energy can cross the boundary
38
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

Neither mass nor energy can cross the boundary

39
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of average energy of motion of matter of particles

Thermodynamics (1 decks)

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