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Phase 1 week 6 - muskoskeletal 2 > Basic structure and function of skeletal muscles > Flashcards

Basic structure and function of skeletal muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of function of muscles

A 
Provides us with our ability to move
Regulate organ volumes
Allow us to communicate with one another
Consumes ATP in order to produce body heat
Maintains posture
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2
Q

Name the 3 types of muscles

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

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3
Q

Where would you find smooth muscle

A

On the walls of internal organs

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4
Q

Where would you find cardiac muscle

A

In the heart

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5
Q

Where would you find skeletal muscle

A

Attached to the skeleton via tendons or indirectly via a connective tissue called aponeurosis

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6
Q

Order of the grouping of skeletal muscle

A

Bundles of muscle fascicles
Bundles of muscle fibres
Bundles of myofibrils
Bundles of myofilaments

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7
Q

What are myofibrils composed of

A

Protein filaments

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8
Q

What are myofilaments responsible for

A

Muscle contraction

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that muscles are organised into?

A

Endomysium, perimysium and epimysium

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10
Q

What does endomysium surround

A

Each muscle fibre

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11
Q

What doe perimysium surround

A

Groups muscle fibres into muscle fascicles

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12
Q

What is the function of perimysium?

A

To prevent any damage to the muscle fascicles

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13
Q

Why is there a nutrient storage in perimysium?

A

It has vascularity - it contains capillaries and nerve fibres

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14
Q

What does epimysium surround

A

An entire skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What does epimysium seperate

A

The muscle from surrounding connective tissue and muscles

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16
Q

What is a muscles sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane of a muscle fibre

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17
Q

Describe the sarcolemma’s role in action poteionals

A

Recieves electrical stimuli and conducts an action potential to the muscles internal structures

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18
Q

Describe transverse tubules

A

Forms where the sarcolemma is invaginated,

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19
Q

How do transverse trabeculae recieve stimuli from the sarcolemma?

A

They penetrate through the muscle fibre

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20
Q

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum contain?

A

A calcium storage

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21
Q

How are terminal cisternae formed?

A

When the s. reticulum becomes enlarged and forms bonds that wrap around the muscle fibre on either side of the t tubule

22
Q

What is the function of the terminal cisternae

A

To release calcium from the s. reticulum

23
Q

What do terminal cisternae trigger?

A

The contraction of myofibrils

24
Q

Are mucles single or multi nucleated?

A

Multinucleated

25
Q

What does the sarcoplasm contain?

A

glycogen and myofibrils

26
Q

What are myofibrils made of?

A

Composed of myofilaments that are organised into sarcomeres

27
Q

Define a sarcomere

A

The basic functional unit of a myofibril

28
Q

What is found at the I band

A

Actin

29
Q

What is found at the z line

A

titin - marks the end of sarcomere

30
Q

What is found at m line

A

myosin

31
Q

What do you not find at the h zone

A

actin

32
Q

What does myosin allow

A

Coupling hydroylis of ATP to conformational changes to the head region of the filament that enables it to bind and move along the actin filaments

33
Q

What structual protein is found at the m-line of a sarcomere

A

myomesin

34
Q

What structual protein is found at actin filaments

A

nebulin

35
Q

What tructual protein links actin to the sarcolemma

A

dyotrophin

36
Q

Name the 2 regulatory proteins of muscle contraction

A

Tropomyoin and troponin

37
Q

What does tropomyosin regulate

A

uncovers myosin head during excitation and contraction

38
Q

What is the role of troponin

A

binds to calcium forming a crossbridge link

39
Q

Are skeletal muscles straited or non striated

A

striated

40
Q

Are cardiac muscles straited or non striated

A

striated

41
Q

Are smooth muscles straited or non striated

A

non striated

42
Q

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary

43
Q

Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

44
Q

Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

45
Q

In muscles where is acetyl cholinerase found

A

Acetyl cholinesterase is found in the synapse between nerve cells and muscle cells

46
Q

Define muscle spindles

A

Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle

47
Q

What is the function of muscle spindles

A

Muscle spindles primarily detect changes in the length of muscle.

48
Q

What part of the sarcomere does not shorten during mucle contraction?

A

A band

49
Q

How do leukocytes move to the site of injury

A

by diapedis

50
Q

What is the function of titin

A

Maintains the alignment of thick filaments in the middle of the sarcomere

Phase 1 week 6 - muskoskeletal 2 (5 decks)

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