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Psychological Assessment > Basic Stats + MMPI (Cohen Ch. 3) > Flashcards

Basic Stats + MMPI (Cohen Ch. 3) Flashcards

1
Q

A _______ is made up of the highest elevated scale or scales in the clinical profile based on their rank order and profile elevation.

A

Code type

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2
Q

First personality tests developed around WWI (1920s and after) to screen out “unfit” soldiers

A

MMPI

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3
Q

Hx of multiple rationally-derived tests of various characteristics such as hope or temperament… but very little validity research

A

MMPI

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4
Q

For MMPI, Hathaway and McKinley (1940, 1943) wanted to develop _____, _______ measures to screen for clinical problems

A

valid, objective

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5
Q

Broad-band screening test to assess major personality patterns and to screen for psychological disorders, first published 1940.

A

MMPI

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6
Q

How many T-F questions in the MMPI?

A

567 T-F questions

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7
Q

The MMPI requires individuals to be __+ years old and reading level of ___ grade.

A

18+
6th grade

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8
Q

The _____ culminated with items consisting of symptoms, beliefs, problems & attitudes related to clinical problems

A

MMPI

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9
Q

Used homogeneous clinical groups as criterion groups: e.g., hypochondriacal, depressed, sociopathic, paranoid…

A

Criterion Keying Test Construction

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10
Q

T > 80 - Extreme somatic concern, Consider somatic delusions
T = 60-80 - Somatic concerns - Sleep disturbance, Lack energy - Demanding, Dissatisfied - Complaining, whiny
T = 40-59 -Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

HYPOCHONDRIASIS (Hs)

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11
Q

T > 70 - Serious clinical depression
T = 60-70 - Moderate depression, Dissatisfaction with life situation, Worried -Somatic complaints, Withdrawn - Lacks self-confidence
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

DEPRESSION (D)

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12
Q

T > 80 - Consider conversion reaction
T = 60-80 - Somatic symptoms, Sleep disturbance, Lack insight concerning causes of symptoms, Denial - Immature, self-centered, Demanding - Suggestible, Affiliative
l T = 40-59 - Average
l T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

HYSTERIA (Hy)

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13
Q

T > 75 - Asocial/antisocial behavior
T = 60-75 - May have trouble with the law
- May use nonprescription drugs
- Family problems
- Impulsive
- Angry, irritable, uncooperative
- Dissatisfied
- Extraverted
- Superficial Relationships
- Energetic - Creative
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

PSYCHOPATHIC DEVIATE (Pd)

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14
Q

Caldwell adaptation hypothesis for PSYCHOPATHIC DEVIATE (Pd)…

A

“asocial and amoral psychopathy”

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15
Q

PSYCHOPATHIC DEVIATE (Pd)… Adaptation to 3 potential traumas:

A
  • Being unwanted in infancy & childhood
  • High level of conflict, tension & stress in home
  • Genetic vulnerability
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16
Q

T = 60-75 - Lacks traditional masculine interests
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Very traditional masculine interests (Macho)

A

MASCULINITY – FEMININITY (Mf): MALE

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17
Q

T = 60-75 - Lacks traditional feminine interests
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Has traditional feminine interests (but not exclusively)

A

MASCULINITY – FEMININITY (Mf): FEMALE

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18
Q

T > 70 - Consider paranoid psychosis
T = 60-70 - Paranoid predisposition
- Extremely sensitive
- Suspicious
- Angry, resentful
- Withdrawn
T = 45-59 - Average
T < 45 - Low score; no interpretation

A

PARANOIA (Pa)

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19
Q

T >75 - Extreme fear, anxiety, tension
- Disturbing thoughts
- Unable to concentrate
T = 60-75 - Moderate anxiety, depression
- Bad dreams - Lacks self –confidence
- Guilt - Perfectionistic
- Indecisive - Feels unaccepted
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

PSYCHASTHENIA (Pt)

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20
Q

T > 75 - Possible psychotic symptomatology
T = 60-75 - Schizoid life style
- Confused
- Fearful
- Bad dreams
- Aloof, uninvolved
- Excessive fantasy and daydreaming
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

SCHIZOPHRENIA (Sc)

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21
Q

T > 80 - Possible manic symptomatology
T = 70-80 - Excessive energy - Lacks direction
- Conceptual disorganization
- Unrealistic self-appraisal - Impulsive
- Low frustration tolerance - Bossy
- Talks too much
T = 60-69 - Active - Energetic
- Extraverted - Creative
- Rebellious
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Low score; no interpretation

A

HYPOMANIA (Ma)

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22
Q

T > 75 - Extreme withdrawal
T = 60-75 - Introverted, shy, timid
- Depressed, guilt - Slow personal tempo
- Lacks self-confidence - Lacks interest
- Submissive, complaint - Overcontrolled
- Reliable, dependable - Values work
T = 40-59 - Average
T < 40 - Extraverted, gregarious - Self-reliant
- Energetic - Competitive
- Undercontrolled - Manipulative

A

SOCIAL INTROVERSION (Si)

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23
Q

Theoretically possible to divide any of the values of the scale. Typically having a wide range of possible values (e.g. height or a depression scale).

A

Continuous scales

24
Q

Categorical values (e.g. male or female)

A

Discrete scales

25
Q

The collective influence of all of the factors on a test score beyond those specifically measured by the test; ASSUME ERROR IN ALL MEASUREMENT

A

Error

26
Q

Involve classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics; all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories, no relative comparison implied (e.g. apples and oranges, DSM-5 diagnoses, True-False; Red, Green, and Blue, etc.).

A

Nominal Scales

27
Q

Involve classifications, like nominal scales but also allow rank ordering, e.g. 2016 100M Olympic medalists such as Usain Bolt (9.81), Justin Gatlin (9.89) & Andrae DeGrasse (9.91)

A

Ordinal Scales

28
Q

Contain equal intervals between numbers. Each unit on the scale is exactly equal to any other unit on the scale (e.g. IQ scores and most other psychological measures, temperature (Fahrenheit), temperature (Celsius), SAT score (200-800), credit score (300-850)

A

Interval Scales

29
Q

Interval scales with a true zero point (e.g. height, reaction time, grip strength).

A

Ratio Scales

30
Q

A set of test scores arrayed for recording or study.

A

Distributions

31
Q

A straightforward, unmodified accounting of performance that is usually numerical.

A

Raw score

32
Q

All scores are listed alongside the number of times each score occurred

A

Frequency Distribution

33
Q

Numbers indicative of frequency appear on the Y-axis, and reference to some categorization (e.g., yes/ no/ maybe, male/female) appears on the X-axis.

A

Bar graph

34
Q

Test scores or class intervals (as indicated on the X-axis) plotted against frequencies (as indicated on the Y-axis).

A

Frequency polygon

35
Q

A statistic that indicates the average or midmost score between the extreme scores in a distribution.

A

Central tendency

36
Q

Sum of the observations (or test scores), in this case divided by the number of observations (the average).

A

Mean

37
Q

The middle score in a distribution. Particularly useful when there are outliers, or extreme scores in a distribution.

A

Median

38
Q

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution. When two scores occur with the highest frequency a distribution is said to be bimodal.

A

Mode

39
Q

An indication of the degree to which scores are scattered or dispersed in a distribution.

A

Variability

40
Q

A bell-shaped, smooth, mathematically defined curve that is highest at its center. Perfectly symmetrical.

A

The Normal Curve

41
Q

The ___________ can be conveniently divided into areas defined by units of standard deviations.

A

normal curve

42
Q

The normal curve can be conveniently divided into areas defined by units of ___________.

A

Standard Deviations

43
Q

______ measures the variability of a group of numbers, or how spread out the numbers are around the average.

A

Standard Deviation

44
Q

The _____________ is based on the difference between each number and the average for the group as a whole.

A

Standard Deviation

45
Q

A ____________ is a raw score that has been converted from one scale to another scale, where the latter scale has some arbitrarily set mean and standard deviation.

A

standard score

46
Q

A ____________ is a conversion of a raw score into a number indicating how many standard deviation units the raw score is below or above the mean of the distribution.

A

Z-score

47
Q

A _____________ can be called a fifty plus or minus ten scale; that is, a scale with a mean set at 50 and a standard deviation set at 10

A

T scores

48
Q

A _________ is a standard score with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of approximately 2. Divided into nine units.

A

Stanine

49
Q

A _________________ is a number that provides us with an index of the strength of the relationship between two things.

A

coefficient of correlation (or correlation coefficient)

50
Q

___________ vary in magnitude between -1 and +1. A ___________ of 0 indicates no relationship between two variables.

A

Correlation coefficients
correlation

51
Q

__________ correlations indicate that as one variable increases or decreases, the other variable follows suit.

A

Positive (Examples: Height and weight, Age and number of wrinkles)

52
Q

__________ correlations indicate that as one variable increases the other decreases.

A

Negative (Examples: Outside temp and layers of clothing, Number of arguments and marital satisfaction)

53
Q

Correlation between variables does not imply ________ but it does aid in prediction.

A

causation

54
Q

__________ involves simply plotting one variable on the X (horizontal) axis and the other on the Y (vertical) axis

A

Scatterplot

55
Q

65 and above is clinically __________.

A

significant

Psychological Assessment (1 decks)

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