Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Statistics > Basic Statistics: Chapter 1, 2, & 5: Exam I > Flashcards

Basic Statistics: Chapter 1, 2, & 5: Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Statistics

A

The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. It is also about providing a measure of confidence in conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Data

A

A fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a decision, it describes the characteristics of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Population

A

The entire group of individuals to be studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Individual

A

A person or object that is a member of the population being studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sample

A

A subset of the population being studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Consists of organizing and summarizing data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Statistic

A

Is a numerical summary based on a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Uses methods that take results from a sample,extends them to the population, and measures the reliability of the result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parameter

A

A numerical summary of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Variables

A

The characteristics of the individuals within the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Qualitative or Categorical variables

A

Allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic, for example: eye color, hair color, birth place, citizenship, zip code, bank account number, jersey number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Quantitative variables

A

Provide numerical measures of individuals, arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction can be performed on the values of the variable and provide meaningful results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Discrete variable

A

A quantitative variable that either has a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values such as from countering 0,1,2,3 and so on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Continuous variable

A

A quantitative variable that has an infinite variable that has a n infinite number of possible values it can take on and can be measured to any desired level of accuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lower class limit

A

The smallest value within the class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Upper class limit

A

The largest value within the class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Class width

A

The difference between consecutive lower class limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Frequent distribution

A

Lists each category of data and the number of occurrences for each category of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Relative frequency

A

The proportion (or percent) of observations within a category and is found using the formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Relative frequency distribution

A

Lists the relative frequency of each category of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Steps for obtaining a simple random sample

A
  1. Obtain a frame that lists all the individuals in population of interest
  2. Number the individuals in the frame 1-N
  3. Use a random number table, graphing calculator, or statistical software to randomly generate n numbers where n is the desired sample size
22
Q

Bias

A

If the results of the sample are not representative of the population

23
Q

Three sources of bias

A

Sampling bias, nonresponse bias, response bias

24
Q

Sampling bias

A

Means that the technique used to obtain the individuals to be in the sample tends to favor one part of the population over another

25
Q

Undercover age

A

A type of sampling bias that occurs when the proportion of one segment of the population is lower a sample than it is in the population

26
Q

Nonresponse bias

A

Exists when individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions from those who do

27
Q

Response bias

A

Exists when the answers on a survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent

28
Q

Nonsampling errors

A

Errors that result from sampling bias, nonresponse bias, response bias, or data-entry error. Such errors could also be present in a complete census of the population

29
Q

Sampling error

A

Error that results from using a sample to estimate information about a population. This type of error occurs because a sample gives incomplete information about a population

30
Q

observational study

A

Measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables

31
Q

Designed experiment

A

If a researcher assigns individuals in a study to a certain group, intentionally changes the value of the explanatory variable, and then records the value of the response variable for each group

32
Q

Confounding

A

In a study when the effects of two or more explanatory variables are not separated. Therefore, any relation that may exist between an explanatory variable and the response variable may be due to other variable or variables not accounted for in the study

33
Q

Lurking variable

A

An explanatory variable that was not considered in a study, but that affect the value of the response variable in the study

34
Q

See Shapes and Symmetry

A

See Shapes and Symmetry

35
Q

Experiment

A

An act or process of observation that leads to a single outcome that cannot be predicted with certainty

36
Q

Probability

A

A measure of the likelihood of a random phenomenon or chance behavior

37
Q

Probability Experiment

A

Any process that can be repeated in which the results are uncertain

38
Q

Sample Space

A

S, of a probability experience to is the collection of all possible outcomes

39
Q

Event

A

Any collection of outcomes from a probability experiment

40
Q

Simple events

A

ei, events with one outcome

41
Q

Probability model

A

Lists the possible outcomes of a probability experiment and each outcome’s probability

42
Q

Independent

A

If the occurrences of event E in a probability experiment does not affect the probability of event F

43
Q

Dependent

A

The occurrence of event E in a probability experiment affects the probability experiment affects the probability of event F

44
Q

Complement

A

Any event A is the event that A dos not occur, A c

45
Q

Probability of an event

A

The sum of the probabilities of the outcomes in the sample space for the event

46
Q

Impossible

A

The probability of the event is 0

47
Q

Certainty

A

Probability of the event is 1

48
Q

Unusual event

A

An event that has a low probability of occurring

49
Q

Disjoint

A

Two events are this if they have no outcomes in common

50
Q

Mutually exclusive

A

Another name for disjoint events

Statistics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions