Basic Sentence Structure Flashcards
By definition, every sentence must have the following: _________________ , _______________________ , and ________________.
(1) a predicate (usually called a verb) and (2) the subject of that verb, and (3) the words must complete a thought.
The complete subject is the _____________________________ .
person, place, or thing that the sentence is about, along with all the words that modify it (describe it or give more information about it).
The complet predicate (verb) is _______________________ .
is what the person, place, or thing is doing, or what condition it is in.
Complete Subject Complete Predicate The aged, white haired gentleman walked slowly down the hall.
Additional parts of a sentence are called __________________ .
complements, and there are five types: direct object, object complement, indirect object, predicate adjective, and predicate nominative.
One type of complement that is used with a transitive verb is a __________________________ .
direct object: the word or words that receive the action of the verb. You can find the DO by using this formula:
1. First, find the subject of the sentence 2. Second, find the transitive verb 3. Third, say the subject and predicate, and ask whom? or what? If a word answers either, it's a direct object.
Other than the direct object, another kind of complement used with a transitive verb is an ____________________________ .
Object complement (sometimes called an objective complement); it elaborates on or gives a fuller meaning to a direct object.
OC DO
Karen asked her friend Paulette for a ride home.
Name the three thypes of complements used with a transitive verb.
Direct object, object compliment, indirect object. IO comes before a direct object and answers the question “to who?” or “for whom?” after the subject and verb
1. Find the subject of the sentence
2. Find the transitive verb.
3. Ask ‘to whom’ or ‘for whom.’
S ADV V IO ADJ DO PP
Kyle reluctantly gave Linda the keys to his new car.
Name the two types of subject complements: _______________ , ________________________ .
Predicate Adjective and Predicate Nominative
What is an adjective that comes after a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence?
Predicate adjective.
N LV ADV ADJ
Crystal is certainly intelligent.
Predicate Nominative is _______________________________ .
Comes after a linking verb and gives you more information about the subject.
ADJ N PP LV PN
The man over there is DeShawn.
What is a phrase?
a phrase is a group of words that acts as a particular part of speech or part of a sentence but doesn’t have a verb and its subject. The most common is a prepositional phrase.
In a sentence, prepositional phrases act as _________________ and _____________________ .
Adjectives and adverbs. PP/ADJ Several friends from my job are getting together tonight. PP/ADV We'll meet at the restaurant at 8 P.M.
Participal phrase: Fleeing from the sudden storm, many picknickers sought refuge in the shelter house at the park.
Fleeing is a present participle describing the noun picnickers; fleeing from the sudden storm makes up a participle phrase.
Gerund phrase: Singing the night away helped Joseph forget his troubles.
Singing is a gerund; in this sentence, it acts as the subject. “Singing the night away” makes up a gerund phrase.
Infinitive phrase: To go home is my only wish right now.
“To go” is an infinitive, it acts as the subject.
Appositive phrase is?
An appositive is a noun (usually) or pronoun (rarely) that gives details or identifies another noun or pronoun.
My favorite book, a dog-eared copy of To Kill a Mockingbird, has accompanied me on many vacations.
Clause
Like a phrase, a clause is used as a particular part of speech; however, unlike a phrase, a clause has a verb and its subject.
Subordinate Clauses:
(sometimes called a dependent clause) has a verb and its subject, but it can’t stand alone as a sentence.
Adjective Clause is sometimes called a ___________________ clause.
Relative clause because it often begins with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that).
The man, whom I went to school with, walked right by me.
Careful! Sometimes an adjective clause has “that” deleted.
Noun Clause, list the flag words.
“That type” and “wh-type.” By far the most common flag word is “that.”
“that” type of noun clauses.
By far the most common flag word in this group is that. The othe three are “if”, “whether,” and “whether or not.”
Subject: “Whether or not” is rains will determine our destination.
Object of verb: We wondered “if we should go to the party.”
Obj of PP: We couldn’t decide about “whether we should leave.”
P Nom: The plan is “that we will reconvene after lunch.”
Wh-Type of Noun Clauses: Nouns ____, _____, _____, ______, _____ , ______ . Adjectives ______, _______, ______ . Adverbs _____, _____, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____ .
Nouns: what, who whom, whatever, whoever, whomever
Adjectives: whose, which, whichever
Adverbs: when where, why, whenever, wherever, how, however
Using Conjuctive Adverbs to Join Indepenct Clauses
In Addition As a Consequence On the Other Hand again accordingly however also consequently nevertheless besides hence nonetheless further then otherwise furthermore therefore still moreover similarly John was in an accident; furthermore, it was his third crash.
Adverb clausese must begin with a _____________________.
Subordinating conjunction
Time; after, as, as soon as, before, even after, even before, since, until, when, whenever, while
Place: everyplace, everywhere, where, wherever
Manner: as, as if, as though
Cause: as, because, inasmuch as, since, so that
Condition: if, o n the condition that, provided that, unless
Concession: although, even though, though
