Basic Science/Endocrine

Question 1

which cell expresses RANKL?

Answer 1

osteoblasts

Question 2

molecule responsible for osteolysis in bony metastases

Answer 2

RANK

Question 3

which cell expresses RANK receptor?

Answer 3

osteoclasts

Question 4

molecule that acts as a decoy receptor by binding to RANKL and blocking interaction between RANKL and RANK-receptor (thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation and activation)

Answer 4

osteoprotegerin (OPG)

Question 5

erlenmeyer flask femur

Answer 5

osteopetrosis

Question 6

osteopetrosis abnormality

Answer 6

carbonic anhydrase

Question 7

rugger jersey spine

Answer 7

osteopetrosis

Question 8

thickening of femoral necks and diffuse sclerosis of bone

Answer 8

Paget’s disease

Question 9

flowing wax apperance on radiograph

Answer 9

melorheostosis

Question 10

function of groove of Ranvier

Answer 10

appositional bone growth

Question 11

what type of growth is the proliferative zone of the growth plate responsible for?

Answer 11

longitudinal growth

Question 12

which portion of the growth plate organizes and supplies developing cartilage cells?

Answer 12

resting zone

Question 13

where does calcification take place in the growth plate?

Answer 13

hypertrophic zone

Question 14

reserve zone pathology (4)

Answer 14

Gaucher’s, diastrophic dysplasia, Kneist, pseudoachondroplasia

Question 15

proliferative zone pathology (3)

Answer 15

achondroplasia, gigantism, MHE

Question 16

hypertrophic zone pathology (5)

Answer 16

SCFE (not renal), Rickets, enchondromas, mucopolysacharide disease, fractures

Question 17

primary spongiosa zone pathology (2)

Answer 17

metaphyseal corner fracture in abuse, scruvy

Question 18

secondary spongiosa zone pathology (1)

Answer 18

renal SCFE

Question 19

groove of Ranvier pathology (1)

Answer 19

osteochondroma

Question 20

dense fibrous tissue that is the primary limiting membrane that anchors and supports the physis through peripheral stability

Answer 20

perichondrial fibrous ring of La Croix

Question 21

key cytokines involved in bone erosion in RA (3)

Answer 21

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

Question 22

genetic mutations specific to CA-MRSA

Answer 22

staphylococcus cassette chromosome (SCCmec) type I, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)

Question 23

function of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)

Answer 23

cytotoxin that lyses white blood cells and causes tissue necrosis and rapid progression of abscess formation