Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABOS Part 1 > Basic Science > Flashcards

Basic Science Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism to decrease effectiveness of beta lactams

A

Altered membrane-binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanism to decrease effectiveness of quinolones

A

Mutations of bacterial DNA gyrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mechanism to decrease effectiveness of Tetracyclines

A

increased tetracycline efflux, ribosome protection, and tetracycline modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanism to decrease effectiveness of rifampin

A

Alteration of RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitronectin

A

important receptor involved in Osteoclasts attach to bone surfaces by means of integrins and then seal the space below.

also integrin avß3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RANK

A

receptor on osteoclasts that when activated by RANKL stimulates osteoclasts. RANKL is found on osteoblasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoprotegerin (OPG)

A

decreases osteoclast differentiation by it’s interaction with RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand). OPG is made by osteoblasts and binds to RANKL (RANK Ligand) to competitively inhibit RANK binding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor)

A

involved in fracture healing. It is chemotactic and attracts inflammatory cells to the fracture site and is important in early fracture healing, especially the hematoma formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TGF-B (transforming growth factor Beta)

A

induces mesenchymal cells to produce type II collagen & proteoglycans. It is important in the early stages of fracture callus formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Doxycycline MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

inhibit the 50s ribosomal subunit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

cell wall synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vancomycin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

linezolid MOA

A

inhibit the 50s ribosomal subunit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

folic acid inhibitors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

RNA synthesis inhibitor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inhibits cell-wall production by preventing peptidoglycan cross-linkage

A

Cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inhibits cell-wall production by interfering with the addition of cell-wall subunits

A

Glycopeptides - vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhibits translation through irreversible binding of the 30S ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase F

A

Rifamycins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inhibits DNA gyrase

A

Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

amphotericin

A

binds to sterols and disrupting the cell membrane also nystatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

A

PAX3-FKHR fusion gene - 1:13

PAX7-FKHR fusion gene - 2:13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ewings Sarcoma

A

EWS-Fli1 fusion gene - 11:22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Multiple hereditary exostosis

A

EXT1, EXT2, EXR3

Multiple Osteochondromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Trabecular bone is remodeled through the formation of?

A

Howship lacunae : After the pit is formed, osteoclasts are replaced by osteoblasts that form new bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Synovial sarcoma

A

SYT-SSX fusion gene - t(x,18)
foot
15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Parosteal osteosarcoma

A

Ring chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Stress

A

force per cross-sectional area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Strain

A

Strain is the deformation of a material in response to an applied force

change in length/original length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Modulus of Elasticity

A

slope of the stress-strain curve

measure of an object’s ability to resist deformation under an external load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Toughness

A

the area under the stress-strain curve and is a measure of the amount of energy a material can absorb before failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Creep

A

increased displacement over time attributable to the same force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What molecules have been shown to promote fibrosis during muscle injury

A

TGF-ß1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

important trophic factors in muscle regeneration

A

Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)

36
Q

What dominant intracellular proteins become directly phosphorylated as a result of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) binding to its receptors - See more at:

A

SMADS

37
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

loss of acetylcholine receptors secondary to autoimmune antibodies at the NM junction.

38
Q

Mann-Whitney U test

A

used when data are nonparametric, meaning either not normally distributed or variances are not equal among groups

39
Q

Low Molecular weight Heparin

A

bind to antithrombin

increases the ability of antithrombin to inhibit thrombin and Factor Xa

40
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation
intervenes with cyclic interconversion of vitamin K and its 2, 3 epoxide
leading to hepatic synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X with reduced activity

41
Q

Fondaparinux

A

Inhibition of factor Xa through antithromin binding

42
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Inhibition of factor Xa through antithromin binding

43
Q

Aspirin

A

Binding of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2

44
Q

Argatroban

A

YOUR RESPONSE: 4- Direct thrombin inhibition

45
Q

Hemophilia

A

X linked
Factor 8
Hemarthrosis

46
Q

Von Willebrand disease is a and not hemarthroses.

A

lack of von Willebrand factor that leads to decreased platelet aggregation;

mucosal bleeding

47
Q

Protein C and S deficiencies

A

AD

lead to thrombosis

protein C and S shut off thrombin formation.

48
Q

Calcitonin

A

directly interfering with osteoclast maturation via receptors

inhibits phosphate reabsorption
decreases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

49
Q

Dkk-1 (dickkopf-1) & sclerostin

A

inhibit the binding of the Wnt molecule to receptors LRP5/6

50
Q

Wnt

A

binds LRP5/6

inhibits phosphorylation of the ß-catenin

51
Q

ß-catenin

A

part of Wnt pathway

osteoblast formation differentiation

52
Q

Dystrophin

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

X-linked muscular disorder

53
Q

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)

A

cleidocranial dysplasia

54
Q

Mutations of collagen type

A

OI

55
Q

Neurofibromin

A

protein product of the NF-1 gene

associated with neurofibromatosis

56
Q

FGFR3

A

achondroplasia

57
Q

Fibrin

A

Marfan syndrome

58
Q

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein mutations

A

pseudoachondroplasia

have short stature (3.5-4.5 feet)

Radiographically, patient appearance is normal at birth but severely abnormal with growth.

multiple joint deformities and normal facies

59
Q

COL2A

A

spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias

facies with mild midface flattening, short necks, and barrel-shaped chests

60
Q

Drug Resistance : quinolones

A

Mutations of bacterial DNA gyrase

61
Q

Drug Resistance : beta -lactams

A

Altered membrane-binding protein

62
Q

Drug Resistance: Tetracyclines

A

increased tetracycline efflux, ribosome protection, and tetracycline modification

63
Q

Drug Resistance: rifampin

A

Alteration of RNA polymerase

64
Q

Integrin

A

promotes tumor cell attachment to bone during metastasis

65
Q

Heuter-Volkmann

A

bone placed in longitudinal tension will tend to stimulate longitudinal growth, and that compressive longitudinal forces inhibit longitudinal growth

66
Q

Wolff’s law

A

bone remodels in response to mechanical stress, with the correlate that increased stress causes increased growth, and decreased stress leads to bone loss.

67
Q

Adult Lyme Dx Abx

A

amoxicillin
doxycycline
cefuroxime

68
Q

PITX1-TBX4

A

Club foot,

Single nuclear polymorphism (SNP)

69
Q

COLIA-1

A

osteoporosis

70
Q

COL5A / COL3A

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

71
Q

Activating missense mutations of GNAS

A

Fibrous Dysplasia

72
Q

Fusion transcripts of HEY1-NCOA2

A

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

73
Q

Ring chromosomes with CDK4 and MDMK amplification

A

low-grade central osteosarcoma or parosteal osteosarcoma

74
Q

Fibrous Dysplasia

A

Activating missense mutations of GNAS

75
Q

CDH11-USP6

A

aneurysmal bone cysts

76
Q

Poland syndrome /Sprengel deformity

A

interruption of the embryonic subclavian blood supply

77
Q

Fibular hemimelia

A 
NO known genetic component 
 absent ACL
absent rays of the foot
tarsal coalition
hypoplastic or aplastic fibula
leg-length discrepancy
femoral and tibial hypoplasia
 lower extremity angular deformity
78
Q

Distal arthrogryposis

A

MYH3 mutation

gene which codes for myosin heavy chain 3

79
Q

The NF1

A

Chromosome 17, codes for neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor
autosomal dominant inheritance
50% of new cases are due to sporadic mutation

80
Q

Dystrophic scoliosis

A 
typical of NF1
scalloped vertebra
penciled ribs
severe rotation
sharp and short (4-6 vertebrae) kyphoscoliosis
81
Q

MYH3 mutation

A

Distal arthrogryposis

82
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A 
Chromosome 11
near the IGF gene
Neonatal hypoglycemia
macroglossia
visceromegaly
hemihypertrophy
embryonal tumors, especially Wilms tumor
83
Q

Etanercept

A

Soluble receptor that binds TNF-α

84
Q

Infliximab

A

Monoclonal antibody that binds TNF-α

85
Q

Warfarin􏰀

A

􏰀inhibits 􏰀clotting 􏰀factors 􏰀II,􏰀VII,􏰀IX,􏰀X.

inhibition􏰀 of􏰀 hepatic 􏰀enzymes, 􏰀vitamin 􏰀K􏰀epoxide = lack􏰀 of􏰀 carboxylation 􏰀of􏰀 vitamin􏰀 K􏰁 dependent􏰀 proteins 􏰀(II,􏰀VII,􏰀IX,􏰀X)

86
Q

Factor V Leiden

A

caused 􏰀by􏰀 an􏰀abnormality􏰀 of􏰀 factor􏰀 V􏰀 that 􏰀leads 􏰀to 􏰀decreased 􏰀inactivation􏰀 of􏰀 factor 􏰀Va􏰀 by􏰀 activated 􏰀protein􏰀C 􏰀(aPC)􏰀 and􏰀 increased 􏰀blood􏰀 clotting.􏰀

Single AA substitution

87
Q

LMWH

A

Factor Xa

ABOS Part 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions