Basic Rigging Flashcards
What are the two basic types of cranes ?
Overhead and Mobile .
What is rigging ?
Rigging is the planned movement of material and equipment from one location to another, using slings, hoists, or other types of equipment .
What is The connector ?
The link between the load and the lifting device - it is often a sling made of synthetic , chain , or wire rope materials .
What are the four types of slings ?
Synthetic slings , Alloy steel chain slings , and wire rope slings , metel mesh .
What basic information must be on a slings identification tag ?
The manufacturer’s name or trademark and the rated capacity of the type of hitch used with that sling . ( more info required depending on sling type )
Who are the ASME ?
American Society of Mechanical Engineers .
Define Rated Capacity
The maximum load weight a sling , piece of hardware , or equipment can hold or lift .
What other names can be used in place of “rated capacity “ ?
Lifting capacity , Working capacity , Working Load limit (WLL) , SWL (safe working limit)
What type of hook is this ?
Sorting hook
What does (IWRC) stand for ?
Independent Wire Rope Core (or center)
What pieces do Wire Ropes consist of ?
(1.) A Supporting Core (2.) High grade steel wires (3.) Multiple center wires
There are three basic types of supporting cores for wire ropes , What are they ?
Fiber cores(FC) , Strand cores (SC) , ans Independent wire Rope Cores (IWRC)
There are 3 basic types of Hitches . What are they ?
Vertical, Choker, and Basket
The way a sling is arranged to hold the load is called ?
Hitch or Rigging Configuration (image shows the three baisc types of hitches )
What type of hitch should be used when lifting loose items or materials ?
Double Wrap chocker Hitch
When an item that is more than ___ feet long is being rigged, the general rule is to use ___ _____ _____ spaced far enough apart to provide the stibility nedded to transport the load .
12 feet , two choker hitches ( or two double wrap choker hitches if the load is loose and more than 12 feet long )
Shackles are availble in three basic classes, identified by their shape . What are thay ?
Anchor and Chain , and speciality shackles .
Both anchor and chain shackles have three basic types of pin designs , each with unique functions. What are they ?
Screw Pin , Round Pin(AKA straight pin) , and Safety Pin .
Screw Pin is the most widely used type in general construction.
What are Eyebolts ?
An Eyebolt is an item of rigging hardware with a threded shank .
Eyeblots for overhead lifting should be made of _____ or _____ steel
drop or hammer-forged
Eyebolts are avalable in three basic designs with several veriations. What are the three basic designs ?
Shouldered , Unshouldered , and Swivel . ( *Unshouldered eyebolts are designed for straight vertical pulls ONLY.)
Can Unshoulder eyebolts be used for angular pulls ?
NO ! Unshouldered eyebolts can be used for sraight vertical pulls ONLY . or they will bend or break off !
A Swivel eyebolt is also called a _____ ?
A Hoist Ring
What are the four basic types of specialized lifting clamps ?
Linkage type cam clamps, locking cam clamps , screw-adjusted cam clamps, and nonmarring clamps .
When sling angle DECREASES, sling stress _________ ?
INCREASES
Side Pull ( when dealing with sling stress ) means ?
Side Pull means the slings are being pulled in, or sideways, by the loads weight as well as down .
What is this ?
This is a Block and tackle hoist system .
All Hoists use a ______ ________to transmit power and lift a load.
Pully System
What are three types of chain hoists ?
Manual , electric, and pneumatic . (electric and pneumatic use mechanical power , so they are also known as powerd chain hoists .)
Whats the diffrence between a come-along and a chain-fall (ratchet lever hoist) ?
Come-alongs are only to be used to move loads HORIZONTALLY !
What are two basic types of synthetic slings design ?
Synthetic Web and Synthetic Round
Synthetic web slings should no be exposed to tempertures above ______ ?
180 °F
The three most common synthetic sling designs are ?
Endless web slings (aka: grommet slings) , Round slings , and synthetic web eye-and-eye
Standerd Synthetic web eye-and-eye slings have eyes in the same plane , twisted eye-and-eye slings have eyes at ________ to each other.
Right angles
What determins the rateing capicity for Synthetic Round slings ?
The materials used to make up the strands and the number of wraps in a loop determines the RC of a sling or how much weight it can handle.
What two basic methods are used to inspect synthetic slings ?
They have to be inspected visually(looking at them) and manually (felling them by hand)
Choker hitches are used when ?
When a load has no attachment points or when attchment points are not practical for lifting.
D,B,A,A
4,5,6
A,C, D
C,B,C,C
B,C
B,B
A
1.)block and tackle 2.) eyebolt 3.)bull ring 4.) sling reach 5.) cribbing 6.)ASME handle signals 7.)stress 8.) grommet sling 9.) hitch 10.)bridle
11-15
11.) shackle 12.) hoist 13.) lifting clamp 14.) load 15.) sling angle, sling stress
16-25
16.) load stress 17.)master link 18.) spliced 19.) one rope lay 20.) plane 21.) sling 22.) rated capacity 23.) rejection criteria 24.)Rigging hook 25.)sheave
26-31
26.) pad eye 27.) side pull 28.) sling leg 29.) strand 30.) tag line 31.) warning yarn
32.) core 33.) threaded shanke 34.) load control
35.) wire rope 36.) risk management 37.)weight capacity 38.) tattle tail
Steel chains made for overhed lifting must be made of ________ .
Alloy steel ( the higher the grade, the safer and more durible they are.)
What is Load Oscillation ?
when a load swings back and forth like a pendulum.
Lifting clamps must be made of ______ ________
Forged steel
PRE-LIFT SAFETY CHECK includes (four point check )
1.)Using the proper rigging equptment 2.) inspect the rigging equipment to ensure that if functions properly. 3.) fully understand the principles involved in a lift so that you follow proper rigging procedures 4.) communicate with others effectivly before , during , and after the lift.
What is Leverage ?
Leverage is the force applied to a lever to move a load.
Can you tie a Bowline knot ?
Can you tie a clove hitch ?
What are the 6 basic types of rigging hooks ?
1.)Eye hooks 2.)reverse eye hooks 3.)sorting hooks 4.)sliding hooks 5.)grab hooks 6.)shortening clutches
The rigger and _____ _____ work togeather in preparing a lift.
crain operator
What is a Equalizer Beam used for ?
Equalizer beams are used to distribute weight on multi-crane lifts
What determins a rigging hooks capacity ?
Its size ,physical dimensions, and type of material .
When using rigging hooks ,the weight Load Limit ( WLL) is only accurate when the sling is in the _____ of the hook.
BOWL ( If the Working Load is applied outside the bowl, the WLL is considerably reduced.)
never use a sling eye in a hook with a body diameter larger than ______ the length of the sling eye.
half
Shackles used for overhead lifting are generally made of _____ ______ _______ .
Forged alloy steel
Shackles are sized by the diameter of the steel in the _____ section reather than the pin size .
BOWL
When using a shackle on a hook, the _____of the shackle should be hung on the hook.
PIN
Never use a screw-pin shackle in a situation where the ____ can roll under a load
PIN
______ can be used on a pin to keep the shackle hanging evenly on the hook.
spacers
What is a ringbolt ?
A type of eyebolt, that is equipped with an additional moveable lifting ring.
What is the proper eyebolt plain ?
the load should be in the plain of the eye
can you insert the point of a hook in a eyebolt ?
NO !!!!!! AllWAYS USE A SHACKLE !!
Tapped holes used with screwed-in eyebolts should have a minimum depth of ______ times the bolt diameter .
one and a half
What is a blind hole ?
A blind hole refers to a hole that is reamed, drilled, or milled to a specified depth without breaking through to the other side of the workpiece
Lifting lugs should be used for straight , ______ lifting only , unless specifically designed for angular loads .
Vertical
What are turnbuckles used for ?
They are used to adjust the length of rigging conections .
The three types of common turnbuckles are ?
eye and eye , jaw and jaw , and hook and hook (they can be made and used in any combonation)
Can turnbuckles be used for overhead lifting ?
NO !!!!! ( unless permited by manufacturer )
What determins the WLL of turnbuckles ?
The Threded rod
Turnbuckles should be made of ____ _____ and should not be welded .
Alloy steel
When using turnbuckles with multi-leg slings can you use more than one turnbuckle per leg
No ! only use one turnbuckle per leg
can you use jam nuts on turn buckles that do not come equipt with them ?
NO !
true of false ? turn buckles should not be over tightend , use a wrench of the proper size , applying as much force as a person can achive by hand .
True ( and do not use a cheater bar )
When a turnbuckle has bolted ends, the bolt heads shouuld be on the ____ side .
TOP ( as shown in the picture)
Most beam clamps are designed for _____ lifts only.
Vertical ( although some manufacturers allow two beam clamps to be used with long bridle slings if the angle of the lift does not exceed 25 degrees from vertical .
You should allways attach rigging to a beam clamp using a ______
Shackle ( do not place a hoist hook directly in a beam clamp lifting eye)
Is it ok to place a hoist hook directly in a beam clamp lifting eye ?
NO !!!!! use a shackle !
What is another name used for liftng clamp ?
Plate clamp
What are the two basic types of plate clamps ?
Serrated and screw
What type of plate clamps are considerd the safest ?
Screw type clamps
serrated plate clamps are used for ______ lifting
overhead
screw type plate clamps can be used FROM a _____ position through 180 degrees.
Horizontal
Rigging plates , rings , and links are made for ______ uses
spacific uses
true or false : rigging plates and link holes have to be the same size and placed in the same locations ?
FALSE !!! ( they can be different sizes and placed in different locations )
( Rigging plates and links) Plates with two holes are called ______ and plates with three or more holes are called _______ .
Rigging Links, Equalizer plates .
Whe can use equalizer plates to _____ loads when legs of a sling are unequal .
LEVEL ( picture shows plate)
Only ______ _______ pins and bolts should be used to attach rigging to rigging plates and links .
Hight Strength
spreader beams are used for what ?
To support long loads during lifting , They reduce low sling angles and the tendency of slings to crush loads. (if used properly thry help eliminate the hazzard of thr load tipping,sliding, or bending.)T
What are equalizer beams used for ?
to balance the load on long legs and to maintain equal loads on dual hoist lines when making tandem lifts.
custom-fabricated spreader and equalizer beams should be tested at percent of their rated capacity ?
125 percent
The capacity of spreader and equalizer beams designed for use with multiple attachments depends upon what ?
The distance between attachment points
Metel mesh slings can withstand tempetures up to _____, and can be coated with a variety of substances, such as ______ or______ to help protect a load .
550°F , rubber or plastic
D/d ratio applys to what type of slings ?
Wire Rope , it refers to the relationship between the diamiter of the surface(D) the sling is around , and the diamiter of the sling (d) . More spacifically the serverity of the bends in the sling , has an impact on the capacity of the sling.
When dealing with Wire Rope D/d ratio _______ ______have been developed to determine the actial sling capacity .
Efficieny charts
The severity of the bends ( over sheeves or pins ) in a wire rope sling hs an effect on the capacity of a wire rope sling .How do you determine the acctual rated capacity of a wire rope in a basket hitch using an efficiency chart ?
1,) find the rated capacity of the rope in a basket 2.) find the effecincy percentage (D/d ratio) 3.) multipy the rated capacity by the percent and you get the actual rated capacity . example on pg 9 or basic rigging modual 2
Sling eyes with pin or body sizes that are at least _____ to the rope diameter should be used with shackles and hooks.( master this concept)
Equal ( refer to page 10 of modual 2 in basic rigging)
how many randomly distibuted broken wires in wire rope call for it to be tooken out of service ? how many broken wires in a one rope lay ?
10 randomly distributed , 5 on a one rope lay
a wire rope should be discarded if its diamiter reduces ______ of the original rope diamiter. ( reduction often caused by abrasion,lose of supporting core, internal or external corrosion)
one third
Mesh slings should be taken out of servise if there is a reduction in diamiter of ____ percent due to abrasion.
25
What is dredging ? and what type of rigging should be used when dredging ?
Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location. (use chain slings )
only ____ grade chain is permitted by OSHA for overhead lifting .
Alloy
What type of sling is this ?
Metel mesh
Can you tie these knots ? 1.)Sheet bend 2.)Clove hitch 3.) Inside bowline 4.)Square/reef 5.)Two half hitches 6.) clove hitch with overhand safety 7.) round turn and two half hitches 8.)timber hitch 9.) half hitch saftey 10.) overhand saftey 11.)running bowline
yes or no
Chain sling can be coated with a film of_____ or _____ for rust and corrosion protection .
oil or grease
chain slings are required to have _____ inspections and the most recent periodic inspection must be maintained .
annual
any portion of a chain sling worn by ____ percent or more should be removed from service immediately .
15
If the length of a chain sling has increased by more than ____ percent, further careful inspection is needed.If it is stretched more than ____ percent , it should be removed from service.
3, 5
A non conductive tag line is required during operation of a crane within the vicinity of _________
power lines
rope of _____ diameter is commonly used for tag line, but sometimes rope of ______ diameter and _____ diameter are sometimes used for heavy loads or when a extremely long tag line is nedded .
½ , 3/4, 1 inch
What is the most basic lifting device ?
Block and tackle , it is used to lift or pull light loads .
A block consistes of one or more _____ or _____ fitted into a wood or metal frame with a hook attached to the top. The tackle is the ____ or ____ and end attachments connected to the block
sheaves or pulleys , line or rope
The type of block and tackle that does not have a brake requires continuous pull on the _______ or the _____ must be tied off .
Hauling line , Hauling line
what are two types of block and tackle rigs : ______ and ________
Simple and Compound
A simple block and tackle consistes of one ______ and a _______ . The load capacity of this type of block and tackle is equal to the capacity of the load line .
sheave and a single line
A compound block and tackle uses more than one _____
block
A compound block and tackle has an upper _____ _____ that is attached to a building structure or other support, and a lower ______ ______that is attached to a load
fixed block , traveling block
The more sheaves the blocks have , the more _______the block and tackle has , and the higher the lifting capacity
parts of line
True or false : always use a sling when useing a chain hoist (chain fall) .
True, the load chain of the chain hoist should never be wrapped around an object and used as a sling .
Two common types of chain hoists are _____ and ______
spur-geared chain hoists and electric chain hoists
A come-along uses a ______ , whereas a ratchet-lever hoist uses a _____
cable, chain
Three basic types of jacks are ?
ratchet , screw, hydraulic
A ratchet jack can also be called a _____ jack , and is used only to raise loads under 25 tons . A latching mechanism called a pawl, automatically springs into position, holding the load and releasing the lever for the next lifting stroke.
Railroad
There are two basic types of screw jacks , ______ and _____
upright and inverted
Hydraulic jacks are operated by the pressure of an enclosed _____
liquid
There are two types of hydraulic jacks, one uses a ______ pump and the other uses a ______pump
built in, separate
Based mounted drum hoists are also know as ____ , are actually pneumatically operated winches .
Tuggers ( aka air winch)
What OSHA code govern rigging operations ?
OSHA 29 CFR part 1926 subpart CC- Cranes and Derricks in construction
When securing a tugger to a steel beam , use a ______on the sling .
softener
If a shackle is pulled out at an angle , the capacity is ____
reduced
When a mobile crane is being moved without direction from a rigger, audible travel , signals must be given using the cranes horn . What does one, two, or three audiible signals mean ?
one= stop , two= forward , three= reverse
There are cirtain requirements that mandate the presence of a signal person , what are they ? ( 5 answers )
(1.)When the operator of the crane can not see the load (2.) when the operator can not see the path of motion (3.) when the operator can not judge the distance (4.) when the crane is operating near power lines (5.) when another crane is in close proximity
what is another name for the auxliary hoist ( auxliary hoist is a supplemental hoist)?
Whip Line
What does OSHA stand for ?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What does plumb mean ?
test (an upright surface) to determine the vertical.
WLL of hoisting equipment are applicable only to freely suspended loads and______hoist lines .
plumb
When a jack is being used to lift a metal object, a ___ should be placed between the object and the head of the jack to prevent slippage .
block
when using jacks , ______should be placed under them to provide a level foundation for the base of the jack.
blocking or cribbing
Whe chocking off a circle object , the general for safety is that ____ of chocking is required for each foot of diameter of the object .
one inch
OSHA requirments for the minimum safe distance from power lines for a crane not in transit as of AUG 2010 , are
up to 50KV ( kilovolts) at least ____ft
50-200 kv ___ft
200-350 kv ___ft
350-500 kv ____ft
500-750 kv ____ft
750-1000____ft
over 1000kv ____
10,15,20,25,35 for 500-750kv ,45, established by utility owner or qualified engineer.
Are the prohibited and vertical avoidance zones still in effect if the crane is in transit with no load attached and the mast lowerd ?
YES !!!! 0-50kn needs 4ft clearance , 50-345kv need 10ft clearance, and 345-750ft need 16ft clearance
Whats the most freaquent cause of death for riggers ?
Electricution caused by contact of a cranes boom, load line, or load with electric power lines . The second most freaquent cause of death is environmental issues.
If a mechanical problem occures , the operator should _____ the load immediately . Next, the operator should ______ the crane ,____ the controles out of service , and report the problem to supervisors.
Lower ,Secure , Tag
As a rule of thumb, when thunder is heard, the lightning associated with it is ___to ___ miles away
6 to 8
Allwayes wait a minimum of ___ minutes from the last observed instance of lightning or thunder before resuming work .
30
With high winds, the operator must secure crane operations as soon as it is practical.This involves placing the boom in the ______ possible position and securing the crane.
lowest
True or False : Once thunder is heard or lightning is seen, it is close enough to present a hazaed.
TRUE
The center of gravity ( CG)of an object is the point around which the _______ of the object is concentrated.
weight
The _____ is that place where the weight on one side, times the length of that side from the ____ , is equal to the weight of the other side of the object times the distance to the other end of the object . In other words, the ____ is the fulcum of a lever .
center of gravity ( CG )
Every foot of pipe weighs a given amount , depending on the ____ thickness and _____ size of the pipe .
Wall thickness ( Schedule), Nominal (NPS )
Pipe placed on blocks requires _____ to keep the pipe from rolling off the block . Larger diameter requires ____ to keep it from rolling .
Wedges , Chocks
To rig a valve correctly, place a synthetic sling on each side of the valve body between the ____ and the _____..Bring the sling up through the handwheele so that the valve cannot tilt from front to back and the weight of the valve is evenly supported by the body of the valve .
bonnet ,flange
Allways thread slings in the ____ direction as eachother .
same
ASME B30 and P30
The tintion factor (TF) for a sling at 60 degrees is ? 45 degrees ? 30 degrees ?
( 60degrees = 1.155 ) ( 45 degrees = 1.414 ) ( 30 degrees = 2.000)
Metel Mesh slings should be taken out of servise if there is a reduction in diamiter ____ percent due to corrosion .
15
Mesh slings should be taken out of servise if there is a destortion of the sling fitting so that the depth of the slot is increased by _____ percent .
10
Mesh slings should be taken out of servise the width of the end fitting eye is decreased by more than ___ percent .
10
Mesh slings should be taken out of servise if there is a ____ percent reduction in the original cross-section area of metal at any point .
15
1-5
C,A,A,D,C
6
A
7-11
B,A,B,A,A
12-13
B,B
14-17
A,A,C,B
18-20
D,B,C
1-2
Center of Gravity , Cribbing
3
Blocking
What does ANSI stand for ?
American National Standards Institute
What does CFR stand for ?
Code of Federal Regulations
