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Revision ACT > Basic Revision > Flashcards

Basic Revision Flashcards

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SAT® Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 10 steps of ECG interpretation?

A
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
  3. Axis
  4. P-wave
  5. P-R interval
  6. QRS complex
  7. ST segment
  8. T-wave
  9. QT interval
  10. Interpret rhythm
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2
Q

Describe a normal P wave

A

present, round, upright, less than 0.12secs (3 boxes), less than 2.5mm amplitude

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3
Q

What is the normal QRS axis?

A

-30 to +90

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4
Q

What is Left avis deviation?

A
  • 30 to -90
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5
Q

What is right axis deviation?

A

+ 90 to 180

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6
Q

Which direction does the current travel between leads?

A

from negative to positive

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7
Q

How do you recognise a first degree AV block?

A

Prolonged QRS

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8
Q

What type of block has an increasing P-R interval until a QRS is dropped?

A

Second degree type 1, wenckeback or Mobitz AV block

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9
Q

How do you recognise a second degree type 2 AV block?

A

Normal PR interval, with an intermittent complete block.

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10
Q

What is a second degree advanced or 2:1 AV block?

A

regularly dropped QRS resulting in 2:1, 3:1 or greater conduction ratio?

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11
Q

How do you recognise a third degree AV block?

A

No association between P wave and QRS complex

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12
Q

Which leads do you use to look for a bundle branch block?

A

V1 & V6

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13
Q

How do you determine a left or right bundle branch block?

A

Prolonged QRS, WiLLiaM MaRRoW

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14
Q

Which leads show a high lateral aspect?

A

Lead I and aVL

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15
Q

Which leads show the septal aspect?

A

V1 & V2

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16
Q

Leads I, II and III show which aspect?

A

inferior

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17
Q

Leads V3 & V4 show which aspect?

A

Anterior

18
Q

Which leads show the lower septal ascpect?

A

V5 & V6

19
Q

What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

A

The four H’s and Four T’s:

  • hypoxia
  • hypovolemia
  • hyper/hypothermia
  • hyper/hypoglycemia
  • tension
  • tamponade
  • thrombosis
  • toxins
20
Q

What is the SIRS criteria?

A
  • temperature over 38.5 or under 35.5
  • heart rate above 90bpm
  • respiration rate below 10 or above 20
21
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • hypotension
22
Q

how do you calculate the approx normal paediatric systolic blood pressure?

A

(age in years x 2) + 80

23
Q

Name the altered level of consciousness differentials

A 
A: alcohol/ arrhythmia
E: epilepsy/ electrolytes
I: infection
O: overdose
U: underdose/ uremia
T: toxins/ trauma/ temperature/ tumor
I: insulin
P: poison/ psychosis
S: sepsis/ stroke/ shock
24
Q

Classify the severity of a TBI

A 
Severe = GCS 8 or less
Moderate = GCS 9 - 12/13
Mild = GCS 13/14 - 15
25
Q

What is Cushing’s triad? What does it indicate?

A

triad of symptoms:

  • bradycardia
  • irregular bradypnea
  • widening pulse pressure (increasing SBP/ SBP hypertension)

indicates increased ICP

26
Q

what are indicators of pneumothorax?

A
  • tachycardia
  • SOB
  • chest pain
27
Q

how is MAP calculated?

A

(2x DBP) + SBP / 3

28
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

SBP - DBP

29
Q

How do you calculate CPP? What is the normal ICP?

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

normal ICP = 7 - 15mmHg

30
Q

What is the target CPP?

A

Above 70 mmHg

31
Q

What is the NEXUS criteria?

A

For spinal clearance:

  1. No midline cervical tenderness
  2. No focal neurological deficits
  3. No altered LOC
  4. No evidence of intoxication
  5. No painful distracting injury
32
Q

What is the canadian C-spine rule?

A 
High risk criteria:
- age 65 or above
- dangerous mechanism
- paraesthesia in extremities
IMAGING REQUIRED
At least ONE low risk criteria:
- simple rear end MVC
- ambulatory at any time 
- sitting position
- no neck pain at scene
- no midline tenderness
IF NONE- IMAGING REQUIRED
if one or more:

ask patient to turn head 45 degrees both left and right. Can do it? (despite pain)- no imaging required

33
Q

What is the parkland formula?

A

Estimation of the fluids required for a patient with serious burns.
Adults: If >20% TBSA.
4ml/kg/% TBSA

Paediatrics: If >10% TBSA.
3-4ml/kg/%

half given in first 8hrs, half in following 16hrs.

34
Q

What is the weight used for newborn drug calculations?

A

3.5kg

35
Q

How do you estimate the weight of an infant?

A

(0.5 x months) + 4

36
Q

How do you calculate the expected weight of a 1 - 5 year old?

A

(2 x years) + 8

37
Q

How do calculate the weight of a child between 6 and 12 years of age?

A

(3 x years) + 7

38
Q

What are the 6 R’s of pharmacology?

A 
Right person
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
39
Q

What is the volume calculation for drug doses?

A

Dose required x Stock volume

Strength supplied 1

40
Q

What is the recommended defibrillation setting for paediatrics?

A

4 Joules / kg

41
Q

What is the structure of a handover?

A 
I: introduction
M: mechanism/ medical complaint
I: injures
S: signs and symptoms
T: treatment and trends
A: allergies
M: medications
B: background
O: other info
42
Q

How do you give a sit rep/ major incident sit rep?

A 
M: major incident declared?
E: exact location
T: type of incident
H: hazards
A: access/ egress
N: no. of casualties
E: emergency services present/ required

Revision ACT (1 decks)

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