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PRE > Basic Rad Protection > Flashcards

Basic Rad Protection Flashcards

1
Q

What is Fluoroscopy?

A

A technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of a patient.

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2
Q

What is a common fluoroscopic procedure?

A

Swallow Study

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3
Q

Why are we interested in radiation protection?

A

To prevent harm from radiation while ensuring benefits outweigh risks.

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4
Q

List 4 types of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).

A
  • Radiowaves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
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5
Q

Define Radiation.

A

Transfer of energy emitted and transferred through space.

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6
Q

Define Exposed (irradiated).

A

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs some or all of it.

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7
Q

Define ionization or ionizing radiation.

A

Removal of an electron from an atom.

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8
Q

List the forms of EMR that can ionize matter.

A
  • X-rays
  • Gamma Rays
  • High energy UV (UVC)
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9
Q

List two main categories of Ionizing Radiation.

A
  • Natural
  • Environmental
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10
Q

Describe types of natural Radiation.

A
  • Cosmic Radiation
  • Terrestrial Radiation
  • Internally Deposited Radionuclides
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11
Q

What is Radon?

A

A gas produced by the natural decay of uranium, a major source of natural radiation.

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12
Q

List types of man-made radiation.

A
  • Diagnostic X-rays
  • Nuclear power generators
  • Research applications
  • Industrial sources
  • Smoke detectors
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13
Q

Discuss the discovery of X-rays.

A

X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895.

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14
Q

What were early reports of radiation injury?

A
  • Skin damage
  • Loss of hair
  • Anemia
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15
Q

Define a filter in radiation context.

A

A device that removes low-energy X-ray photons with no diagnostic value.

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16
Q

Define Collimator.

A

A device that restricts the useful beam to the area being imaged.

17
Q

What are the Ten Commandments of Radiation Protection?

A
  • Control Time, Distance, Shielding
  • Do not let familiarity result in false security
  • Never stand in the primary beam
  • Always wear protective apparel
  • Always use an occupational radiation monitor
  • Never hold a patient during an exam
  • The holder must wear an apron
  • Use gonadal shielding for childbearing age persons
  • Avoid pelvic exams on pregnant patients when possible
  • Collimate to the smallest field size.
18
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

19
Q

Describe the Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection.

A
  • Time
  • Distance
  • Shielding
20
Q

What are iso exposure lines?

A

Represent positions of equal radiation exposure in a fluoroscopy room.

21
Q

What is an OSL dosimeter?

A

Optically Stimulated Luminescence dosimeter that monitors accumulated radiation dose.

22
Q

List several ways of reducing unnecessary patient dose.

A
  • Mass Screening for Tuberculosis
  • Hospital Admission Chest X-Rays
  • Pre-Employment Physicals
  • Emergency Room CT
23
Q

Discuss x-rays and pregnancy.

A

Exposure effects are time and dose related, with major organogenesis occurring at 2-10 weeks.

24
Q

What are current estimated levels of human radiation exposure?

A

Average patient radiation dose increased from 0.6 mSv in 1990 to 3.2 mSv today.

25
Q

Define Equivalent Dose.

A

Dose calculated for each individual organ based on absorbed dose adjusted for radiation type effectiveness.

26
Q

Define Effective Dose.

A

Estimates a whole-body dose based on exposure to individual organs.

27
Q

List units of radiation measurement.

A
  • Roentgen (R)
  • Gray (Gy)
  • Sievert (Sv)
  • Becquerel (Bq)
28
Q

What is a basic measurement of radiation energy absorbed in matter?

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD) or Gray (Gy).

29
Q

What does the unit Sievert (Sv) express?

A

The quantity of radiation received by occupationally exposed persons.

30
Q

What is the relationship between rad and rem?

A

1 rad = 1 rem = 10 mSv.

PRE (10 decks)

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