BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR GENETICS

Question 1

Nucleic acids are AKA

Answer 1

POLYNUCLEOTIDES

Question 2

These are informational molecules because their primary structure contains a code for hereditary traits or sets of directions by which they can duplicate themselves and guide the synthesis of CHON

Answer 2

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 3

These macromolecules were first discovered in the __________ of cells

Answer 3

NUCLEI

Question 4

Nucleic acids are the ____________ for all living cells

Answer 4

GENETIC MATERIAL

Question 5

It is involved in the _________ and _________ of genetic material from one generation to the next

Answer 5

STORAGE, TRANSFER

Question 6

The genetic material of all the cells in a living organism is the same and has all the information required for making an _______________

Answer 6

IDENTICAL ORGANISM

Question 7

Nucleic acids determine the ___________ of an organism

Answer 7

PHENOTYPE

Question 8

Other functions of NA include ________ (enzyme like action ; RIBOSOME) and _________ (RNA acts as co-enzyme for the enzyme ___________________

Answer 8

CATALYSIS, CO-ENZYME ACTION, TELOMERASE

Question 9

Transcribe DNA

Answer 9

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

Question 10

Double-stranded, helical nucleotide polymer found mainly in the nucleus of the cell that carries the genetic information involved in cellular metabolism, growth, and differentiation

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

DNA is found mainly in what part of the cell?

Answer 11

NUCLEUS

Question 12

What are the 2 types of DNA molecules?

Answer 12

GENOMIC DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Question 13

What are the 3 forms of DNA molecules?

Answer 13

A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA

Question 14

Genomic DNA is AKA?

Answer 14

NUCLEAR DNA

Question 15

Controls expression of the various traits in an organism?

Answer 15

GENOMIC DNA

Question 16

Genomic DNA is spread across how many chromosomes leading to an expression of genetic traits?

Answer 16

46

Question 17

Genomic DNA was sequenced as part of the?

Answer 17

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

Question 18

This brings about a change in sequence leading to individual specific characteristics

Answer 18

RECOMBINATION

Question 19

Leads to malignancies and other disorders

Answer 19

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL DNA REGULATION

Question 20

Double-stranded circular molecule derived from the circular bacterial genome

Answer 20

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Question 21

mtDNA is always ________ inherited

Answer 21

MATERNALLY

Question 22

Each mitochondrion contains about _______ mtDNA molecules

Answer 22

2-10

Question 23

Nuclear DNA undergoes what?

Answer 23

RECOMBINATION

Question 24

Does not change from parent to offspring

Answer 24

mtDNA

Question 25

Thought to be one of three biologically active double helical structure

Answer 25

A-DNA

Question 26

It is a right-handed double heliz fairly similar to the more common B-DNA form, but with a shorter more compact helical structure whose base pairs are not perpendicular to the helix-axis as in B-DNA

Answer 26

A-DNA

Question 27

Most common double helical structure found in nature, the double helix is right-handed with about _______ base pairs per turn

Answer 27

B-DNA, 10-10.5

Question 28

One of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the helix winds to the left in a zigzag pattern.

Answer 28

Z-DNA

Question 29

Helical diameter (in nm.) of A-DNA

Answer 29

2.55 nm

Question 29

Helical diameter (in nm.) of B-DNA

Answer 29

2.37 nm

Question 30

Helical diameter (in nm.) of Z-DNA

Answer 30

1.84 nm

Question 31

Rise per base pair (in nm. ) of A-DNA

Answer 31

0.29 nm

Question 32

Rise per base pair (in nm. ) of B-DNA

Answer 32

0.34 nm

Question 33

Rise per base pair (in nm. ) of Z-DNA

Answer 33

0.34 nm

Question 34

Distance per complete turn/ pitch (in nm.) of A-DNA

Answer 34

3.2

Question 35

Distance per complete turn/ pitch (in nm.) of B-DNA

Answer 35

3.4 nm

Question 36

Distance per complete turn/ pitch (in nm.) of Z-DNA

Answer 36

4.5 nm

Question 37

Number of base pairs per complete turn of A-DNA

Answer 37

11

Question 38

Number of base pairs per complete turn of B-DNA

Answer 38

10

Question 39

Number of base pairs per complete turn of Z-DNA

Answer 39

12

Question 40

Topology of major groove of A-DNA

Answer 40

NARROW, DEEP

Question 41

Topology of major groove of B-DNA

Answer 41

WIDE, DEEP

Question 42

Topology of major groove of Z-DNA

Answer 42

FLAT

Question 43

Topology of minor groove of A-DNA

Answer 43

BROAD, SHALLOW

Question 43

Topology of minor groove of B-DNA

Answer 43

NARROW, SHALLOW

Question 44

Topology of minor groove of Z-DNA

Answer 44

NARROW, DEEP

Question 45

Transcribe RNA

Answer 45

RIBONUCLEIC ACID

Question 46

Single-stranded, non-helical nucleotide polymer found mainly in the cytoplasm of the cell although it is usually synthesized in the nucleus.

Answer 46

RNA

Question 47

Responsible in the transcription and translation of genetic information to make CHON during cell growth and division.

Answer 47

RNA

Question 48

RNA is found mainly in what part of the cell?

Answer 48

CYTOPLASM

Question 49

What are the 3 types of RNA molecules?

Answer 49

MESSENGER, RIBOSOMAL, TRANSFER

Question 50

RNA is synthesized in what part of the cell?

Answer 50

NUCLEUS

Question 51

Complementary RNA copy of selected regions of the DNA

Answer 51

MESSENGER RNA

Question 52

Carries the genetic information from the nucleus (DNA) to the cytoplasm (RIBOSOMES) and acts as the TEMPLATE for CHON synthesis

Answer 52

MESSENGER RNA

Question 53

Structural and functional component of the ribosomes which are "platforms" on which CHON synthesis occurs

Answer 53

RIBOSOMAL RNA

Question 54

Some of them have catalytic and coenzymes functions as well.

Answer 54

RIBOSOMAL RNA

Question 55

3 Subtypes of rRNA molecules in bacterial ribosomes

Answer 55

30s, 50s, 70s

Question 56

tRNA is AKA

Answer 56

SOLUBLE RNA

Question 57

Translates the genetic code of the mRNA and transfer the primary sequence of amino acids from the cytoplasm into the site of CHON synthesis

Answer 57

TRANSFER RNA